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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
New world order generally refer to drastic changes that take place after an important incident. After the collapse of Soviet Union, US became the lone supreme power in the world.
Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990. After attempts made by several countries to persuade Iraq to leave Kuwait failed, the UNO decided to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation by using military force. This was a historic decision made by the UNO and was hailed as the emergence of a ‘new world order.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Hegemony as Structural Power and Hegemony as Soft Power.
Hegemony as Hard PowerIt reflects the military strength of a powerful country. The US is powerful mainly because of its superior military dominance. Some features of US hegemony as a hard power are
- Weapons of USA can reach any part of the world accurately and lethally. It can cause maximum damage to its enemies, while its own forces are sheltered to the maximum from enemy’s attacks.
- No country in the world can even think of matching the military might of the US.
- It not only has superior military weapons but also spends substantially on military research and development.
Hegemony as Structural Power
A hegemon has structural power if it supports the creation and existence of a world economy. The US is a hegemonic structural power because
- The US has played a great role in providing global public goods. Public goods are goods which are used by one person without reducing the amount of goods available for someone else.
- Fresh air and roads are some examples of public goods. In the world economy, sea lanes of communication (SLOCs) are used by merchant ships. Free trade in an open world economy would not be possible without open SLOCs.
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India’s traditional viewpoint regarding nuclear power and weaponry has always been either complete disarmament of nuclear weapons or equal opportunities regarding the same for all countries. This has led to opposition from India against several international treaties aimed at non-proliferation because as per India majority of the treaties aims to legitimize the monopoly of the five winning powers or nuclear powers of the Second World War with respect to nuclear weapons. This has led India’s refusal to sign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty in 1996 at the Geneva Conference.
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Open door policy: generate higher productivty by investments of capital and technology from abroad. Shock therapy: The model of transition in russia,Cental Asia and East Europe that was infuenced by the World Bank and IMF came to be known as shock therapy. * Deng Xiaoping adopted the open door policy. The Chinese did not go for shock therapy but opened their economy step by step.
1. 1982= China started privatisation in agriculture sector.
2. 1998= China started privatisation in industrial sector. 3. Trade Barriers were removed from SEZ(special economic zone) where foreign investors could set up their enterprises.
4. In China, the state played and continues to play a central role in setting up a market economy. USSR
a. Shock therapy Gorbachev ahead of his time with Perestroika and Demokratizatsiya and Glasnost.
b. sudden shift to Liberal Capitalism collapse of Economy. Rise of Mafia-Garage sale of industries.
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Deveshi Sharma 5 years, 6 months ago
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