Privatization mean in simple words allowing private companies to be formed.It is basically transferring the ownership of company from government to private players in the market.
The process in which a publically traded company is taken over by one or more individuals is termed as privatization.

Secularization is the transition of a culture from a focus on religious values towards nonreligious attitudes. In this process, religious figureheads, such as leaders of a church, lose their authority and influence over society.

Globalization is the process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout the world, spurring more interaction and integration between the world's cultures, governments and economies.

Security, in information technology (IT), is the defense of digital information and IT assets against internal and external, malicious and accidental threats. This defense includes detection, prevention and response to threats through the use of security policies, software tools and IT services.

The Instrument of Accession was a legal document first introduced by the Government of India Act 1935 and used in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the princely states under British paramountcy to join one of the new dominions of India or Pakistan created by the Partition of British India.

The Instrument of Accession was a legal document first introduced by the Government of India Act 1935 and used in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the princely states under British paramountcy to join one of the new dominions of India or Pakistan created by the Partition of British India.

The State shall endeavour to:-

(a) promote international peace and security.

(b) maintain just and honourable relations between nations.

(c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another.

(d) encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

Article 51 A lays down the following ten fundamental duties:-

(a) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and National Anthem.

(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.

(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India .

(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to so .

(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India diversities , to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women .

(f) to value and preserve the right heritage of our composite culture.

(g) to protect and improve the natural to have compassion for living creature .

(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform

(i) to safeguard public property and to adjure violence .

(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievements.

Article 51 A refers only to the Indian citizens unlike some Fundamental Rights, e.g., Articles 14 or 21, which apply to all persons whether citizens or non-citizens.

The Cold War was a period of economic, political and military tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. Following the end of the Second World War, complications arose centering on the shifting of international power. The Soviet Union wanted to acquire additional territory while the United States attempted to limit the gains desired by the Soviets. This battle of ideologies resulted in increased national security, diplomatic tension and proxy wars between the two powerful nations.

1. Improved transport, making global travel easier. For example, there has been a rapid growth in air-travel, enabling greater movement of people and goods across the globe.
2. Containerisation. From 1970, there was a rapid adoption of the steel transport container. This reduced the costs of inter-modal transport, making trade cheaper and more efficient.
3. Improved technology which makes it easier to communicate and share information around the world. E.g. internet. For example, to work on improvements on this website, I will go to a global online community, like elance.com. There, people from any country can bid for the right to provide a service. It means that I can often find people to do a job relatively cheaply because labour costs are relatively lower in the Indian sub-continent.
4. Growth of multinational companies with a global presence in many different economies.
5. Growth global trading blocks which have reduced national barriers. (e.g. European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN)
6. Reduced tariff barriers encourage global trade. Often this has occurred through the support of the WTO.
7. Firms exploiting gains from economies of scale to gain increased specialisation. This is an essential feature of new trade theory.
8. Growth of global media.
9. Global trade cycle. Economic growth is global in nature. This means countries are increasingly interconnected. (e.g. recession in one country affects global trade and invariably causes an economic downturn in major trading partners.)
10. Financial system increasingly global in nature. When US banks suffered losses due to sub-prime mortgage crisis, it affected all major banks in other countries who had bought financial derivatives from US banks and mortgage companies.
11. Improved mobility of capital.  In past few decades, there has been a general reduction in capital barriers, making it easier for capital to flow between different economies. This has increased the ability for firms to receive finance. It has also increased the global interconnectedness of global financial markets.
12. Increased mobility of labour. People are more willing to move between different countries in search for work. Global trade remittances now play a large role in transfers from developed countries to developing countries.

"The Emergency" refers to a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country. Officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352(1) of the Constitution because of the prevailing "internal disturbance", the Emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 until its withdrawal on 21 March 1977.

The order bestowed upon the Prime Minister the authority to rule by decree, allowing elections to be suspended and civil liberties to be curbed. For much of the Emergency, most of Gandhi's political opponents were imprisoned and the press was censored. Several other human rights violations were reported from the time, including a forced mass-sterilization campaign spearheaded by Sanjay Gandhi, the Prime Minister's son.