Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production, as well as the political theories and movements associated with them. Social ownership may refer to forms of public, collective or cooperative ownership, or to citizen ownership of equity. There are many varieties of socialism and there is no single definition encapsulating all of them, though social ownership is the common element shared by its various forms.

The 1960s decade was labelled as the 'dangerous decade' when unresolved problems like poverty, inequality, communal and religious divisions etc. could lead to failure of the democratic project or even the disintegration of the country.

Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus. The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive. For genes on an autosome (any chromosome other than a *** chromosome), the alleles and their associated traits are autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Dominance is a key concept in Mendelian inheritance and classical genetics. Often the dominant allele codes for a functional protein whereas the recessive allele does not.

Politics (from Greek: Polis definition "affairs of the cities") is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance - organized control over a human community, particularly a state. Furthermore, politics is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (this is usually a hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between communities.

The Bihar Movement was a movement initiated by students in Bihar in 1974 and led by the veteran Gandhian socialist Jayaprakash Narayan, popularly known as JP, against misrule and corruption in the government of Bihar. It later turned against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's government in the central government.

On 18 February 1974, the Patna University Students Union organized a convention which invited student leaders from the whole state. They formed Bihar Chhatra Sangharsh Samiti (BCSS) to spearhead the agitation. Lalu Prasad Yadav was chosen as a president. Among the several contemporary youth leaders were Sushil Kumar Modi, Narendra Singh, Basisth Narayan Singh & Ram Vilas Paswan. Their demands were related to education and food in hostels.

BCSS called for a gherao at Bihar Legislative Assembly during a budget session on 18 March 1974. They blocked all roads to the assembly and damaged government properties, including the telephone exchange and the residence of former education minister Ramanand Singh, which was set on fire.

Chief Minister Abdul Ghafoor convinced student leaders that he would look into demands. But students at colleges and universities kept protesting and damaged properties at some places. The killing of three students by police in Patna provoked student opposition across Bihar. BCSS declared a statewide strike on 23 March. Meanwhile, JP visited Gujarat to witness the Nav Nirman movement on 11 February and declared his intention to lead on 30 March 1974. BCSS approached JP to lead the agitation while he was withdrawing himself from the Bhoodan movement. He agreed.

On 1 April 1974, Indira Gandhi responded to the Bihar Movement's demands for the removal of the elected government. She asked, "How can such persons who continue to seek favours from the moneyed people ... dare to speak of corruption?" A silent student procession of 10,000 was held in Patna on 8 April. On 12 April, government opponents died in police firing at Gaya during the Paralyse the Government programme. Students also demanded dissolution of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. People demonstrated by blocking roads such as NH 31 and imposing a self-curfew. JP went to Delhi and attended a conference of Citizens for Democracy, an organization demanding civil rights, held on 13 and 14 April. During May 1974 various students' and peoples' organisations kept demanding dissolution of the assembly and also demanded the government's resignation, but did not succeed.

Indo-China relations from 1947-1962:-

1. After the Chinese revolution in 1949, India was one of the first countries to recognize the communist government of China.
2. When China annexed Tibet in 1950, both the countries developed some differences.
3. In 1954, joint enunciation of Panchsheel was made by Indian Prime Minister Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai.
4. In 1959, India gave political asylum to Dalai Lama. This annoyed China.
5. In 1962, China invaded the territory of India and relations between both the countries got strained.

Mandal commission was established by janata party to identify the socially or economically backward people...they recommended steps to be taken 4 the advantage of these people for reserving  state and central government jobs..on 31st december 1980 the mandal commission   submitted its report to president N.S.Reddy to advance India's socially and  educationally backward classes.

In 1944 Eight Industrialists of Bombay including Mr. JRD Tata, GD Birla, Purshottamdas Thakurdas , Lala Shriram, kasturbhai lalbhai, AD Shroff , Ardeshir Dalal, & John Mathai working together prepared “A Brief Memorandum Outlining a Plan of Economic Development for India” which was popularly known as Bombay Plan. This plan envisaged doubling the per capita income in 15 years and tripling the national income during this period. However Pundit ji did not officially accept the plan, yet many of the ideas of the plan were inculcated in other plans which came later.