Since charge on ground is 0 and charge on negative sphere is negative means less than ground. And charge flows from higher concentration to lower concentration therefore charge flow from ground to -ve sphere

Transformer

Yes u are,right

Not in cbse syllabus

Knee voltage is defined as the point in the forward operating region of the characteristics curve where conduction starts to increase rapidly and zener voltage is defined as a unique diode that allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode ,but will also permit it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value.

By daily practicing???

26 Feb expected he

total indicator reading (TIR)

When a signal of no. Of frequencies pass through a band pass filter it filters and gives the output of the most appropriate frequency

Natural

The chloride ion is the anion Cl- .It is formed when element Cl gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water..

It is a device which helps to accelarate a positive charge particle with the help of constant magnetic field $strong eletric field

It is a device which is used to accelerate the charged particle with very high speed. Since cyclotron is uesd to accelarate the charge particle hence it is also called" particle accelarator device".

Device which is used to bend positive charge in a circular path in presence of high electric field and magnetic field.

Electrostatics is the study of charges at rest.
� The intrinsic property of fundamental particle of matter which give rise to electric force between objects is called charge.
� Charging a body can be done by friction, induction and conduction.
� Properties of charges:

o Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
o Charges are additive in nature Charges are additive in nature
o Charges are quantized. i.e., Q= � ne [n=1,2,3,� & e=1.602 X10-19 C]
o Charge on a body is independent of velocity of the body.
o Charge is conserved.

� The sensitive device which is used to identify whether the body is charged or not is called electroscope

Coulomb�s law

ELECTROSTATICS
Principle of superposition

� Dipole : Two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance.
� Dipole moment: Product of magnitude of either charge and distance of separation between them. It is a vector. SI unit: Cm,science direction of Dipole moment is from negative charge to positive charge along the straight line joining both the charges.
� Dipole in a uniform electric field experiences no net translating force but experiences a torque. Electric field due to a short dipole
� translating force� Electric field due to a short dipole
Properties of electric field lin

? Properties of electric field lines:
?Arbitrarily starts from +ve charge and end at �ve charge
? Continuous, without any breaks, never form closed loops
?Never intersect
?Relative closeness of the field lines represents the magnitude of the fieldstrength.
?For a set of two like charges � lateral pressure in between
?For a set of two unlike charges � longitudinal contraction in between.

? Area vector: The vector quantity representing the area of a surface whosemagnitude is equal to the magnitude of the area and direction is perpendicular to the surface.
Gauss� theorem in electrostatics

equipotential surfaces intersectElectrostatics of conductors

� Electrostatics of conductors
(i) Inside a conductor Electrostatic field is zero
(ii) On the surface E is always Normal to the surface
(iii) No excess charge resides inside the conductor
(iv) Charge distribution on the surface is uniform if the surface is smooth
(v) Electric field is zero in the cavity of hollow conductor and potential remains constant which is equal to that on the surface.
� Capacitor: An arrangement of two conductors separated by a small distance without any electrical contact between them is called capacitor.

Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
Capacitance
Combination of capacitors

� The dielectric is the substance which is essentially an insulator but behaves like a conductor in electrostatic situation.
� The dielectric having atom or molecules whose negative charge centre is not coinciding with positive charge centre is called polar dielectric. They have permanent dipole moments in the order of 10-30 Cm.
� The dielectric having atom or molecules whose negative charge centre is coinciding with positive charge centre is called non-polar dielectric.
� The dipole moment developed in non-polar dielectric due to external electric field is called induced dipole moment.
� The induced dipole moment per unit volume is called Polarisation Vector. The direction of polarisation vector is same as that of external electric filed.
� The ratio of electrostatic force in free space to that in medium OR the ratio of electrostatic field in free space to that in medium OR the ratio of absolute permittivity of medium to that of free space is called relative permittivity or dielecric constant of the medium.polarisation vector
� The ratio of polarisation to electrostatic force times the electric field intensity is called electric susceptibility. electric susceptibilityhe dielectrics with constant dipole moment are called linear dielectrics.
� The maximum external electric field the dielectric can withstand without dielectric beakdown is called dielectric strength. SI unit Vm-1
� The capacitance of a spherical conductor of radius R is capacitance of a spherical

Not included in the cbse syllabus.