Consider a ring of radius 'a' which carries uniformly distributed positive total charge Q. 




To find: electric field due to a ring at a point P lying at a distance x from its centre along the central axis perpendicular to the plane of the ring.
 

As the charge is distributed uniformly over the ring, the charge density over the ring is, 

                                  
The perpendicular component of electric field due to charge on the ring along the x-axis cancels each other out.

As there is same charge on both sides of the ring, the magnitude of the electric field at P due to the segment of charge dQ is given by, 
 

dE = k_e 
E_x =  

   

1. At the centre (X = 0) , electric field is zero. 

2. When x>> a, a can be neglected in the denominator. 

Therefore, 

 

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Given an electric dipole placed in a non-uniform electric field. An electric dipole always experiences a torque when placed in uniform as well as non-uniform electric field. But in non-uniform electric field, dipole will also experience net force of attraction. So the electric dipole in non-uniform electric field experiences both torque and force.

if the body is negatively charged,the charged body's mass will be equal to the original (uncharged body's) mass plus the mass of electron added for charging . if the body is positively charge , the charged body mass will be equal to the original mass minus the mass of electron removed for charging

Vector quantity

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Vector

Vector

Vector

Relation between electric field and potential

According to the relation between electric field and potential,

• Electric field is in the direction in which the potential decreases steepest.
• Its magnitude is given by the change in the magnitude of potential per unit displacement normal to the equipotential surface at the point.

Let a conductor is connected with a cell or battery due to which current flows through the conductor is given by : I=q/t -------(1). ,,here I= current thought conductor , q=charge ,t=time Volume or conductor having area A and cross section L=AL Total no. Of electron (N) =no. Of electron per unit volume N=nAL Charge on one electron =e Total charge on conductor 'q' =total no. Of electron × charge on one electron q=nALe ----------(2) Put equation (2) in (1) I=nALe /t Velocity =displacement /time (L/t) =Vd So,【 I=neAVd 】 These is relation between current and drift velocity

Electric current flowing through a conductor I = n AqV_d

where A = cross-sectional area of the conductor, n=  number of conduction electrons per unit volume, q is the charge of an electron and V_d is the drift velocity.

Van de Graaff generator is a device used for building up high potential differences of the order of a few million volts.

Principle − It is based on the principle that charge given a hollow conductor is transferred to the outer surface and is distributed uniformly over it.

Construction:

It consists of a large spherical conducting shell (S) supported over the insulating pillars. A long narrow belt of insulating material is wound around two pulleys P₁ and P₂. B₁ and B₂ are two sharply pointed metal combs. B₁ is called the spray comb and B₂ is called the collecting comb.

Working − The spray comb is given a positive potential by a high tension source. The positive charge gets sprayed on the belt.
As the belt moves and reaches the sphere, a negative charge is induced on the sharp ends of the collecting comb B₂ and an equal positive charge is induced on the farther end of B₂.
This positive charge shifts immediately to the outer surface of S. Due to discharging action of sharp points of B₂, the positive charge on the belt is neutralised. The uncharged belt returns downwards and collects the positive charge from B₁, which in turn is collected by B₂. This process is repeated and the positive charge on S goes on accumulating. In this way, voltage differences of as much as 6 or 8 million volts (with respect to the ground) can be built up

Use: Van de Graaff generator generates high potential differences that are used to accelerate charged particles such as electrons, protons, ions, etc. used for nuclear disintegration.

Limitations: 1) It's a series combination that allows only one route for the movement of charge.

2) It can accelerate only the charged particles not the uncharged particles.

Conductivity of a solution is defined as the conductance of a solution of 1 cm in length and area of cross-section 1 sq. cm. The inverse of resistivity is called conductivity or specific conductance. It is represented by the symbol k. If p is resistivity, then we can write:

k = 1 / p

The conductivity of a solution at any given concentration is the conductance (G) of one unit volume of solution kept between two platinum electrodes with the unit area of cross-section and at a distance of unit length.

a measure of the ability of a given substance to conduct electric current ,equal to the reciprocal of the resistivity.

When a capacitor is charged by a battery, work is done by the charging battery at the expense of its chemical energy. This work is stored in the capacitor in the form of electrostatic potential energy.

Consider a capacitor of capacitance C. Initial charge on capacitor is zero. Initial potential difference between capacitor plates = zero. Let a charge Q be given to it in small steps. When charge is given to capacitor, the potential difference between its plates increases. Let at any instant when charge on capacitor be q, the potential difference between its plates V=q/C

Now work done in giving an additional infinitesimal charge dq to capacitor

dW = V dq = q/C dq

The total work done in giving charge from 0 to Q will be equal to the sum of all such infinitesimal works, which may be obtained by integration. Therefore total work

The electrical conductivity of a metallic wire is defined as the measure of a material's ability to allow the transport of an electric charge. σ=ρ1​, S. I. unit = (S m−1) Answered By

Magnitude is equal but the force on them will not be equal.And acceleration of electron is greater than proton,so acceleration is also not equal.

Suppose resistance R, inductance L and capacitance C are connected in series and an alternating source of voltage V =V0sinωt is applied across it. (fig. a) On account of being in series, the current (i ) flowing through all of them is the same.   Suppose the voltage across resistance R is VR, voltage across inductance L is VL and voltage across capacitance C is VC. The voltage VR and current i are in the same phase, the voltage VL will lead the current by angle 90° while the voltage VC will lag behind the current by angle 90° (fig. b). Clearly VC and VL are in opposite directions, therefore their resultant potential difference =VC -VL (if VC >VC ). Thus VR and (VC -VL ) are mutually perpendicular and the phase difference between them is 90°. As applied voltage across the circuit is V, the resultant of VR and (VC -VL ) will also be V. From fig.  The phase difference (ϕ) between current and voltage ϕ is given by tanϕ = (XC - XL)/R The graph of variation of peak current im with frequency is shown in fig.  

Expression for Impedance in LCR series circuit: Suppose resistance R, inductance L and capacitance C are connected in series and an alternating source of voltage V =V₀sinωt is applied across it. (fig. a) On account of being in series, the current (i ) flowing through all of them is the same.

Suppose the voltage across resistance R is V_R, voltage across inductance L is V_L and voltage across capacitance C is V_C. The voltage V_R and current i are in the same phase, the voltage V_L will lead the current by angle 90° while the voltage V_C will lag behind the current by angle 90° (fig. b). Clearly V_C and V_L are in opposite directions, therefore their resultant potential difference =V_C -V_L (if V_C >V_C ). Thus V_R and (V_C -V_L ) are mutually perpendicular and the phase difference between them is 90°. As applied voltage across the circuit is V, the resultant of V_R and (V_C -V_L ) will also be V. From fig.

The phase difference (ϕ) between current and voltage ϕ is given by tanϕ = (X_C - X_L)/R The graph of variation of peak current im with frequency is shown in fig. 

With increase in frequency, current first increases and then decreases. At resonant frequency, the current amplitude is maximum.

 

Properties

1. Electromagnetic waves are propagated by oscillating electric fields and magnetic field oscillation at right angles to each other.
2. These waves travel with speed 3×108ms−1 in vacuum.
3. They are not deflected by electric or magnetic field.
4. They can show interference or diffraction.
5. They are transverse waves.
6. May be polarized.
7. Need no medium of propagation.

Torsion balance, device used to measure the gravitational acceleration at the Earth's surface. ... The torsion balance consists essentially of two small masses at different elevations that are supported at opposite ends of a beam.

Sorry but thermal velocity not terminal and answer us right

This is because,, Inside the conductor electrons are move in a state of random motion due to the absence of any external electric field their. So their avarage velocity is nearly zero...

It is possible when current also given with voltage

Friend,, I think it may'nt be possible.

Ye kya dhamki day rahe ho bhaii... Kyu esa emoji? dala haii??????

I have no ?solution??? of ➡it so don't⛔ irritate me ?

हाँ जी , बोलिए ... हम आपकी किस तरह मदद कर सकते हैं????

Kya problem hai

What is ur problem??

Plz don't ask informal chats directly here....it may result in block of your account for 30 days

हम्म

I am.

Dear I may only know other than Byju's is learncbse.in ,it is also nice but also having similar to NCERT exemplar... Try it ...

Try Byju's objective chapter wise dear...