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Lenz’s law
- According to Lenz’s law:-The polarity of the induced emf is such that it tends to produce induced current in such a direction that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.
- The (-) ive sign in given equatione= (-) (dΦ/dt)tells about the direction.
- According to Faraday’s law whenever there is change in the magnetic flux, emf is induced, as aresult there will be induced current.
- According to Lenz’s law the direction of the induced current will be such that it opposes the change in the magnetic flux.
Lenz’s law: supports Conservation of energy
- Lenz’s law obeys conservation of energy.
- Magnet is moving as a result current is getting induced and when the magnet is not moving there is no induced current in the coil.
- There is a mechanical energy involved with the movement of the as magnet as a result mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy which is produced by the induced current.
- Magnetic energy used in moving magnet is getting transformed into electrical energy which is produced by the induced current.
- This shows that Lenz’s law supports conservation of energy where one form of energy is getting transformed into another form.
- Work done in moving the magnet is dissipated by Joule heating produced by the induced current.
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Lens Maker Formula Derivation
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Assumptions
The following assumptions are taken for the derivation of lens maker formula.
- Let us consider the thin lens shown in the image above with 2 refracting surfaces having the radii of curvatures R1 and R2 respectively.
- Let the refractive indices of the surrounding medium and the lens material be n1 and n2 respectively.
Derivation
The complete derivation of lens maker formula is described below. Using the formula for refraction at a single spherical surface we can say that,
For the first surface,

For the second surface,

Now adding equation (1) and (2),

When u = ∞ and v = f

But also,

Therefore we can say that,

Where μ is the refractive index of the material.
This is the lens maker formula derivation. Check the limitations of the lens maker’s formula to understand the lens maker formula derivation is a better way.
Limitations of the lens maker’s formula
- The lens should not be thick so that the space between the 2 refracting surfaces can be small.
- The medium used on both sides of the lens should always be same.
Stay tuned with BYJU’S and learn more about derivation of various formulas.
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