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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 5 months ago
Electric lines of force never intersect each other because at the point of intersection, two tangents can be drawn to the two lines of force. This means two direction of electric field at the point of intersection, which is not possible.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 5 months ago
A PNP transistor is obtained by sandwiching a thin block of N-type semiconductor in between two blocks of P-type semiconductor. A thin block of P-type semiconductor sandwiched in between two blocks of N-type semiconductor forms a NPN transistor. The three sections of the transistor are emitter (E), base (B) and collector (C).
The emitter region is heavily doped and its size is moderate. The emitter supplies a large number of majority carriers for the current flow. The base region is very thin and lightly doped. Base region is in between the emitter and collector region. The collector region is moderately doped and larger in size than the emitter. The collector collects the majority carriers supplied by the emitter. The emitter and collector regions cannot be interchanged.
When a transistor is connected in a circuit, the base-emitter junction is always forward biased and the base-collector junction is always reverse biased.
In the given PNP transistor circuit, the emtter-base junction is forward biased and hence, large number of holes flow from the emitter region to the base region. This causes the emitter current (IE). When the holes diffuse into the base region, only a few holes combine with electrons. The base region is very thin and lightly doped and has a low number density of electrons. Thus, a very small current flows through the base region called the base current (IB). The remaining holes reach the collector under the influence of the negative collector voltage. This produces a current in the collector region called the collector current (IC).
<div>Thus, the emitter current is the sum of the collector current and the base current.i.e. IE=IC+IB</div>
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Aman Kumar 6 years, 5 months ago
Yogita Ingle 6 years, 5 months ago
Coulomb's law states that the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
<div><nobr aria-hidden="true">F=kQ1Q2/r2,</nobr></div>The proportionality constant <nobr aria-hidden="true">k </nobr>is called the electrostatic constant and has the value: <nobr aria-hidden="true">9,0 × 109 N⋅m2⋅C−2 </nobr>in free space.
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Rajat Rathi 6 years, 5 months ago
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Kumar Divij 6 years, 5 months ago
Yogita Ingle 6 years, 5 months ago
The Coulomb’s Law states that the electrostatic force acting between two charges q1 and q2 is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance ‘r’ between them. Coulombs law in vector form is important as it specifies direction also.
Posted by Harsh Mahajan 6 years, 5 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 5 months ago
- In digital electronics, we consider only two values of voltage – high represented as 1 and low represented as 0
- Logical gates are electronic circuits
- Just as a gate controls the flow of vehicles, the logical gates controls the flow of information based on the logical relations. Only if the logical relations are satisfied, the digital circuit allows the signal to pass through
- The logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital electronics.
- We can say logic gate is a digital circuit which follows a logical relationship between the input and output
- Some of the basic types of logical gate are – NOT, OR, AND, NOR and NAND. Every gate has a single or multiple input and output
- Every gate is represented by a symbol
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Kumar Vishal Behera 6 years, 5 months ago
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