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Dielectric constant : The dielectric constant of a medium is the ratio of the electrostatic force of interaction between two given point charges held certain distance apart in vacuum/air to the force of interaction between the same two charges held the same distance apart in the material medium.
Now, the capacity of parallel plate capacitor filled with air is given by
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Optical fiber is the technology associated with data transmission using light pulses traveling along with a long fiber which is usually made of plastic or glass. Metal wires are preferred for transmission in optical fiber communication as signals travel with fewer damages. Optical fibers are also unaffected by electromagnetic interference. The fiber optical cable uses the application of total internal reflection of light. The fibers are designed such that they facilitate the propagation of light along the optical fiber depending on the requirement of power and distance of transmission. A single mode fiber is used for long-distance transmission while multimode fiber is used for shorter distances. The outer cladding of these fibers needs better protection than metal wires.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 2 months ago
Mirage is an optical illusion caused due to total internal reflection of light in sandy deserts or in some extended surface like a black tarred road in very hot weather.
In hot summer days sandy land becomes very hot during the day time. The air in contact with the ground becomes hot and its density is reduced whereas the density of air at higher level remains unaffected. Therefore, the layers of air near the ground are warmer than the air at the upper level. Thus the successive upper layers are denser than those below them.
When the ray of light from the top of a tree travels from a denser to a rarer layer, it bends away from a normal and thereby at a stage the angle of incidence becomes greater than the critical angle, the rays suffer total internal reflection and reach the eyes of the observer. Observer sees an inverted image of the tree and concludes that there is water near the tree.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 2 months ago
Expressions for the electric and magnetic fields in free space contain the electric permittivity ε0 and magnetic permeability μ0 of free space. These two quantities are not independent but are related to "c", the speed of light and other electromagnetic waves. The magnetic constant μ0 = 4π x 10-7 T m/A is called the permeability of space. The permeabilities of most materials are very close to μ0 since most materials will be classified as either paramagnetic or diamagnetic. But in ferromagnetic materials the permeability may be very large and it is convenient to characterize the materials by a relative permeability.
This contains the force unit N for Newton and the unit A is the Ampere, the unit of electric current.
With the magnetic permeability established, the electric permittivity takes the value given by the relationship
{tex}c = 1/sqrt(ε0μ0){/tex}
where the speed of light is given by
{tex}c=2.99792458 x 10^8 m/s (exact){/tex}
This gives a value of free space permittivity
{tex}ε0 = 8.854187817 x 10^-12 F/m{/tex}
which in practice is often used in the form
k = 1/4piε0 = 8.987552 X10^9 Nm^2/C^2 = Coulomb's constant
These expressions contain the units F for Farad, the unit of capacitance, and C for Coulomb, the unit of electric charge.
The electric permittivity is connected to the energy stored in an electric field. It is involved in the expression for capacitance because it affects the amount of charge which must be placed on a capacitor to achieve a certain net electric field. In the presence of a polarizable medium, it takes more charge to achieve a given net electric field and the effect of the medium is often stated in terms of a relative permittivity.
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Aaditya Bhardwaj 6 years, 2 months ago
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