A single-elimination, knockout, or sudden death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in the next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion. In this type of tournament, the team once defeated, gets eliminated from the tournament. Only the winning teams contest in the next rounds. Opportunities are given to the winning players/teams.

Fixture of 7 teams in league tournament in cyclic methodnumber of matches = n(n-1)/2n

 no. of teams = 7(7-1)/2

= (7x6)/2 = 42/2 = 21 matches

Total no. of rounds = 7

Senior Citizen Fitness Test–Rikli And Jones

(a) Chair Stand test for lower body strength 

(b) Arm Curl test for upper body strength 

(c) Chair Sit and Reach test for Lower Body Flexibility 

(d) Back Stretch for Upper Body Flexibility 

(e) Eight Foot Up and Go Test for Agility 

(f) Six minute walk test for Aerobic Endurance

Tournament is a large contest of many rounds among various teams. It is a competition held among various teams in a particular activity according to a fixed schedule where a winner is decided. 

Number of teams participating are 27.

Number of matches : n - 1 = 27 - 1 = 26 matches

Teams in upper half = n +1/2 = 27 + 1/2 = 28/2 = 14 teams

Teams in lower half = n - 1/2 = 27 - 1/2 = 26/2 = 13 teams

Number of teams participating are odd so number of byes will be = 32 - 27 = 5 byes. 

In Knockout system the team which loses the match is eliminated and the winners continue to play. When we have less time usually we conduct single elimination tournament. 

Date/time and court number, is specified for each match so that teams/players report for their matches well in advance.

There are 36 matches in the fixture of 9 teams.

Explanation:

Using robin method cyclic method, the number of matches is given as:

μ = N(N - 1)/2

Where,

N = Number of teams

From question, the number of teams is 9.

On substituting the values, we get,

μ = 9(9 - 1)/2

μ = (9 × 8)/2

μ = 72/2

∴ μ = 36 matches

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B. Applied research

Applied research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems.This type of research plays an important role in solving everyday problems that often have an impact on life, work, health, and overall well-being. Applied research is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop innovative technologies.
 

Primary Sources

These sources are records of events or evidence as they are first described or actually happened without any interpretation or commentary. It is information that is shown for the first time or original materials on which other research is based.  Primary sources display original thinking, report on new discoveries, or share fresh information.

Examples of primary sources:
Theses, dissertations, scholarly journal articles (research based), some government reports, symposia and conference proceedings, original artwork, poems, photographs, speeches, letters, memos, personal narratives, diaries, interviews, autobiographies, and correspondence.

Secondary Sources

These sources offer an analysis or restatement of primary sources. They often try to describe or explain primary sources. They tend to be works which summarize, interpret, reorganize, or otherwise provide an added value to a primary source.

Examples of Secondary Sources:
Textbooks, edited works, books and articles that interpret or review research works, histories, biographies, literary criticism and interpretation, reviews of law and legislation, political analyses and commentaries.

The question is incomplete

Class Interval = Upper-Class limit – Lower class limit. In statistics, the data is arranged into different classes and the width of such class is called class interval. 

d. Latin

The term statistics is ultimately derived from the New Latin statisticum collegium ("council of state") and the Italian word statista ("statesman" or "politician"). ... Thus, the original principal purpose of Statistik was data to be used by governmental and (often centralized) administrative bodies.

d - Methodology

Interquartile Range

The interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the upper and lower quartile of a given data set and is also called a midspread. It is a measure of statistical distribution, which is equal to the difference between the upper and lower quartiles. Also, it is a calculation of variation while dividing a data set into quartiles. If Q₁ is the first quartile and Q₃ is the third quartile, then the IQR formula is given by;

d. Mode

The empirical relationship between Mean, Mode and Median is given as

Mean – Mode = 3(Mean – Median)

Mean – Mode = 3(Mean) – 3(Median)

-Mode = 3(Mean) – 3(Median) – Mean

-Mode = 2(Mean) – 3(Median)

Mode = 3(Median) – 2(Mean)

Formulae for deciding the winner in a league tournament by British Method is number, of points secured divided by maximum point which can be secured whole multiplied by 100. and the team which has secured 10 points will have a percentage score of (10/18 ) 100 is equal to 55 percentage.

Q: Fats are derived from two sources.Name them.
A n s w e r :

Unsaturated fats are better than saturated fats.Sources of fat can be found in foods like nuts, olive oil,and fish.

The most important from the biological point of view fays are found partly as natural fat in adipose tissues. All fats are made up of fatty acids. The fatty acids known as linoleum acid has to be provided in the diet since it cannot be synthesized in the body. A fat-free diet caries a high risk of vitamin deficiency. for acid are divided into saturated fatty acid and unsaturated acid.

Functions: 
A) Fatty acid provides the raw materials which help in controlling the blood pressure, blood clotting and other body functions.
B) Besides providing energy fats serves as vehicles for the fat-soluble vitamin.

C) Fat maintains skin and hair.

D) Fats in the body support viscera such as heart, kidney and intestine.

The term disability means any kind of impairment or permanent reduction in physical or mental capacity. The reduction can be related to any kind of physical loss, mental illness, intellectual impairment or reduction in the use of sense organs. This may be present from birth or occur during a person's lifetime

Types  of movements

There are various types of movement in body parts which can be divided in four types i.e. gliding & angular movements, circumduction & rotation and few other movements.

Gliding movements: Gliding movements is the simplest kind of movement that can take place in a joint, one surface gliding or moving over another without any angular or rotator movement.

Angular movement: Angular movement occurs between long bones. By angular movement the angle between the two bones increased or decreased. The various movements which fall under angular movements are described below:

a) Flexion: Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and parts come closer together (bending the lower limb at the knee).
b) Extensions: Straightening parts so that the angle between them increases and parts moves farther apart (straightening the lower limb at the knee).
c) Abduction means moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body))
d) Adduction means moving a part towards the midline ( returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body).

There are various types of movement in body parts which can be divided in four types i.e. gliding & angular movements, circumduction & rotation and few other movements.

Gliding movements: Gliding movements is the simplest kind of movement that can take place in a joint, one surface gliding or moving over another without any angular or rotator movement.

Angular movement: Angular movement occurs between long bones. By angular movement the angle between the two bones increased or decreased. 

Fixture of 7 teams in league tournament in cyclic method

number of matches = n(n-1)/2 n

= no. of teams

= 7(7-1)/2 = 7x6/2  

= 42/2  = 21 matches

Total no. of rounds = 7

 Postural deformities imply not having proper alignment of body parts. An individual who has postural deformities cannot perform his work efficiently. Some postural deformities are kyphosis, flat foot, knock knee etc.

Kyphosis In kyphosis, there is an increased curvature of the dorsal chest region.
Corrective Measures:

1.  Regular and appropriate exercises.
2.  Regular yogic exercises (Chakrasana, Dhanurasana, Bhujangasana, etc).
3.  Swimming is recommended.
4. Hold your hands back in vishram position and walk consciously, then slowly stretch them backward.
5.  Leaning back on a chair and taking shoulders backwards can help to stretch the chest muscles. Lordosis It is the inward curvature of the spine with protuding abdomen, resulting in a hollow back.

There are no advantage s of dieting. Science has proved that dieting causes many physical and mental problems. Your physique can even become worse than before. Some of the pitfalls of dieting are: 

(a ) Hair loss: The most common side effect of dieting is that you start to lose your hair. Lack of required amount of proteins and fats results in hair loss. 

(b) Depression: There are many other reasons of depression" Dieting is one among them. When your body is not able to handle loads of activities, you feel pressure in mind which causes stress. Stress worsens the mental as well as the physical health of a person. 

(c) Organs damage: If you continue dieting for a long time it can damage your internal organs and body systems. Its working efficiency decreases. Your blood circulation becomes passive. You are less energetic,lazy,lethargic and get weak. 

(d) Sudden weight gain: Weight loss through exercises is a good thing but weight loss through dieting is very harmful. It makes your physique worse because after dieting when you came to your original eating pattern your body starts gaining more fat than it used to before dieting.

(e) Dietary deficiency: When you cut short your diet, some of the major nutrients such as carbohydrates and proteins do not meet the required amount. This can lead to many deficiencies e.g., there are dark circles under eyes and the person looks pale. 

(f) Miscellaneous: Yet another pitfall of dieting is cognition impairment, sudden weight loss because of reducing the calorie intake can lead to exhaustion. Comparing oneself with others and going for self-dieting may lead to starvation. People think that skipping a meal saves calories but end up with health problems.