Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, known best as simply Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Born: 6 March 1475, Caprese Michelangelo, Italy Died: 18 February 1564, Rome, ItalyFull name: Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti SimoniAlthough Michelangelo bellyached aplenty about deprivation and has often been cast as somewhat poor, he died in 1564 with the modern equivalent of tens of millions of dollars, according to the professor, Rab Hatfield, an American who teaches at the Syracuse University program in Florence.Although Michelangelo bellyached aplenty about deprivation and has often been cast as somewhat poor, he died in 1564 with the modern equivalent of tens of millions of dollars, according to the professor, Rab Hatfield, an American who teaches at the Syracuse University program in Florence.

Michelangelo, in full Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, (born March 6, 1475, Caprese, Republic of Florence [Italy]—died February 18, 1564, Rome, Papal States), Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, known best as simply Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. 

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) is a prime example of a Renaissance man. He was a painter, sculptor, humanist, scientist, architect, philosopher, engineer, and more. He was considered a universal genius by many.

A tithe is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques, whereas historically tithes were required and paid in kind, such as agricultural produce. Tithe was a religious tax levied on christians and muslims. The amount which was ordered to be donated was 10% or 1/10 of annual earnings of an individual or an institutions. With the end of influence of Church in political affairs the practice was abolished in the second half of the 17th century.

Due to socio-economic and political changes, Western Europe society was divided into three orders between the ninth and sixteenth centuries. After the fall of the Roman Empire, many groups of Germanic People occupied the regions of Italy, Spain and France.

The three orders are three social categories: Christian priests, landowning nobles and peasants.The term ‘feudalism’ has been used by historians to describe the economic, legal, political and social relationships that existed in Europe in the medieval era.

The Dome of the Rock was the first Muslim masterpiece built in 687 A.D., half a century after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. This monument is a major theme in Islamic art, whose fundamental purpose is to express the faith revealed in the Qur'an. The Dome was used as church until a Muslim army recaptured Jerusalem in 1187. In modern times the original purpose of the Dome of the Rock remains a source of debate. It is commonly held that the Dome commemorates the Miʿrāj, the Prophet Muhammad's ascension into heaven.

Islamic laws gave tax concessions to people who brought land under cultivation. Land under cultivation expanded which resulted in increased productivity. Many new crops were grown and even exported to Europe (examples: cotton, oranges, bananas, watermelons, spinach and brinjals). Between the years 661- 750 all Caliphs were from Umayyad dynasty. Following factors enabled Umayyads to coming into power. With the territorial expansion, the Umma unity was broken up. ... After his assassination Ali became the fourth Caliph.

Males married in their late twenties or early thirties; while women were married in the late teens or early twenties. There was an age gap between husband and wife. The Twelve Tables (aka Law of the Twelve Tables) was a set of laws inscribed on 12 bronze tablets created in ancient Rome in 451 and 450 BCE. They were the beginning of a new approach to laws where they would be passed by government and written down so that all citizens might be treated equally before them.

Ans: The emperor, the aristocracy and the army were the three main ‘players’ in the political history of the empire.

Explanation:

To sum up, the emperor, the aristocracy and the army were the three main ‘players’ in the political history of the empire. The success of individual emperors depended on their control of the army, and when the armies were divided, the result usually was civil war*. Except for one notorious year (69 CE), when four emperors mounted the throne in quick succession, the first two centuries were on the whole free from civil war and in this sense relatively stable. Succession to the throne was based as far as possible on family descent, either natural or adoptive, and even the army was strongly wedded to this principle. For example, Tiberius (14-37 CE), the second in the long line of Roman emperors, was not the natural son of Augustus, the ruler who founded the Principate, but Augustus adopted him to ensure a smooth transition. External warfare

Question
When did ancient town begin to flourish in Mesopotamia?
A n s w e r;
The ancient town flourished in Mesopotamia dated back to bronze age, i.e. c. 3000 BCE.

The early urbanization developed in Mesopotamia. It did not happen in the agriculturally fertile north-east rather it happened in the south. We have read that a city develops as a result of interdependencies among people for various economic activities. This only happens when people cease to be self-sufficient in terms of economic activities. It was not possible in naturally fertile land where food production could be the only or main economic activity. Examples of many earliest cities give concrete proof for this. So, it is said that it was not natural fertility and high levels of food production which were the causes of early urbanization.

Lords owned the serfs who lived on their lands. In exchange for a place to live, serfs worked the land to grow crops for themselves and their lord. In addition, serfs were expected to work the farms for the lord and pay rent.

Serfs are just one class of commoner, or peasant, in the Middle Ages. The English classes detailed below are more or less like most commoners in other kingdoms. Each had different rights and obligations.

A serf is, legally, a slave and a possession of his lord who has no rights beyond his lord’s generosity. A serf had to work his life away doing the hard labor of providing for his lord. He plowed, reaped, threshed, chopped wood, herded animals, fixed implements, built structures, and anything else demanded. A serf had no rights or other obligations, and could not even go to court to get some respite if his lord was cruel and evil.

Is it on Jerusalem?

Dome of the Rock, Arabic Qubbat al-Ṣakhrah, shrine in Jerusalem built by the Umayyad caliph ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān in the late 7th century ce. It is the oldest extant Islamic monument. The rock over which the shrine was built is sacred to both Muslims and Jews.

The Battle of Camel was fought between Ali’s supporters and army led by Muhammad’s wife Aisha in 657.

What does the Bible depict about flood?
Answer:
According to the Holy book of Christian, i.e. the Bible, the flood was meant to destroy all forms of life on the earth. However, God chose a human being Noah to ensure that life must go on after the flood.

Newton’s I law of motion: An object remains in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
Newton’s II law of motion: The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of the-force.
Newton’s III law of motion: To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction and they act on two different bodies.

Who was the John Marshall in300words

John Marshall was director general of ASl, appointed in 1901. In 1924,he announced the discovery of Indus Valley Civilization.

John Marshall was an archaeologist.

He announced the discovery of a new civilization i.e. Indus Valley Civilization/ Harappa culture

Can u give me some more answers for this questions

a) The Growth of Buddhism

i.Buddhism grew rapidly both during the lifetime of the Buddha and after his death. 
ii.It appealed to many people dissatisfied with existing religious practices and confused by the rapid social changes taking place around them.
iii.The importance attached to conduct and values rather than claims of superiority based on birth, the emphasis placed on metta(fellow feeling) and karuna(compassion), especially for those who were younger and weaker than oneself, were ideas that drew men and women to Buddhist teachings.
iv.Buddhism grew due to Buddhist text-Tipitaka (the VinayaPitaka, SuttaPitaka, AbhidhammaPitaka), the Dipavamsa&Mahavamsa, Ashokavadana, Jatakas and Buddhist hagiography.
v.Buddhist Sanghas, Bhikkhus and Bhikkhunis spread the message.
vi.Stupas
vii.Ashokan pillars and inscriptions
viii.Dhamma–mahamattas
ix.Buddhist sects –Hinayana and Mahayana
x.Support of Rulers
xi.Foreign pilgrims

b)  

Upon the death of Gautama Buddha in 400 BC, Buddhism divided into two sects: Mahayana and Hinayana

The Mahayana sect, which means ‘Great Vehicle’ in Sanskrit, believed in the divinity of the Buddha. The sect encouraged idol worship in Buddhism

The Hinayana sect, meaning ‘Small Vehicle’ in Sanskrit, did not believe in the divinity of the Buddha. It stressed on individual salvation through self-discipline and mediation.

Mahayana

Mahayana Buddhism consider Gautama Buddha to be a divine being who will help his followers to attain nirvana

Followers of Mahayana Buddhism can be found in China, (South) Korea, Japan and Tibet

Scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism were written Sanskrit

The three bodies of a Buddha are accepted in Mahayana Buddhism. They are as follows:   Nirmanakaya Sambhogakaya Dharmakaya

The ten-far reaching attitude in Mahayana is as follows:   Generosity Self-Discipline Patience Perseverance Mental Stability Wisdom Skills in Means Aspirational Prayers Strengthening Deep Awareness

In Mahayana Buddhism, immeasurable joy is the wish that others have the joy of unending enlightenment

Mahayana Buddhism began to flourish around 500 BC

Because first of all the harppan site has been discovered

The Indus Valley civilisation is also known as the Harappan civilisation because the first site of the archaeological remains of the Indus Valley civilisation was found at the modern site of Harappa, West Punjab, Pakistan.

Fatehpur Sikri

Shaikh Salim Chishti (1478-1572) is one of the most revered Sufi saints of the Mughal period in India. This khanqah, or hospice, was his original home and is located near the present-day World Heritage site of Fatehpur Sikri.

A general assembly or general meeting is a meeting of all the members of an organization or shareholders of a company. The General Assembly monitors the performance of UN Peacekeeping through its Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations. It was established in 1965 to conduct a comprehensive review of all issues relating to peacekeeping.

Causes of popularity of Khwaja Muinuddin Dargah were:

(i)    Chisti Silsila was the must popular among all the people related with sufism. It became very popular in India. It was introduced in India by Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti at the end of 12th century at Ajmer. The main centres of Chisti Silsila was Ajmer. The saints of this order generally kept aloof from the royal court and politics. They believed in spiritual exercise - Yoga and music.

(ii)    Many Indian customs were adopted by them. It is said by religious scholars that the Chisti customs were similar to Hindu customs. In 16th century the prominent saint in this seat was Shaikh Salim Chisti, who was the contemporary of Mughal emperer Akbar.

There are many reasons that are being put forward by scholars regarding the decline of the Harappan civilization,

1. climatic change, deforestation, excessive floods, the shifting and/or drying up of rivers, to overuse of the landscape. Although some of these “causes” may hold for certain settlements, but they do not explain the collapse of the entire civilisation.

2. Invasion of Aryans- It is believed by some scholars that invasion of aryan lead to the decline of Harappan civilization however this hypothesis has been refuted.

3. End of an unifying element- It is believed that a strong unifying element perhaps came to an end because we see disappearance of seals, scripts, weight etc.

The Indus (or Harappan) people used a pictographic script. Some 3500 specimens of this script survive in stamp seals carved in stone, in moulded terracotta and faience amulets, in fragments of pottery, and in a few other categories of inscribed objects.

Following are the important features of the town planning of the Harappan cities:

1. The Harappan cities were generally divided into two main parts - the raised area; known as the ‘Citadel’, and the lower town. The Citadel was more in height because the buildings in it were built on mud brick platforms. This area was separated from the lower town by a wall. The Citadel had within its fold important buildings like the Great Bath, the assembly hall, the granary and the workshops. The lower town, on the other hand had residential dwellings.
2. The main streets of the Harappan cities were built according to the grid pattern. They were built from north to south and from east to west.
3. The houses built on the corners of streets were rounded in order to allow the passage of carts. The main road in the city of Mohenjo-daro was 10.5 meters wide and 800 meters long.
4. The house drains relayed all the waste water to the drains built in streets.
5. The streets were so designed as to cross the main road of the city at right angles, thus dividing the city into square or rectangular blocks.

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