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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
Problems of Indian Agriculture
(i) Dependence on Erratic Monsoon- Irrigation covers only about 33 per cent of the cultivated area in India. The crop production in rest of the cultivated land directly depends on rainfall. Poor performance of south-west Monsoon also adversely affects the supply of canal water for irrigation.
(ii) Low productivity- The yield of the crops in the country is low in comparison to the international level. Per hectare output of most of the crops such as rice, wheat, cotton and oilseeds in India is much lower than that of U.S.A., Russia and Japan. The vast rain fed areas of the country, particularly dry lands which mostly grow coarse cereals, pulses and oilseeds have very low yields.
(iii) Small Farm size and Fragmentation of Landholdings- More than 60 per cent of the ownership holdings have a size smaller than one (ha). Furthermore, about 40 per cent of the farmers have operational holding size smaller than 0.5 hectare (ha). In India, the land holdings are mostly fragmented.
(iv) Lack of commercialization- A large number of farmers produce crops for self-consumption. These farmers do not have enough land resources to produce more than their requirement.
(v) Vast under -Employment- There is a massive under-employment in the agricultural sector in India, particularly in the un-irrigated tracts. In these areas, there is a seasonal unemployment ranging from 4 to 8 months. Even in the cropping season work is not available throughout, as agricultural operations are not labour intensive.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
The basic needs of human beings are; food, clothing and shelter. Development of shelters leads to the growth of settlements. Human settlement means the totality of the human community - whether city, town or village - with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years ago
Foreign trade or international trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. It is an important component of the economy. International trade can be stated as the measure of any country’s economic wealth.
Waterways are the cheapest and easiest way of carrying bulky goods over long distances. One of its greatest benefits is that it does not require any route construction or maintenance. Waterways can be inland waterways or sea routes. Navigable rivers, canals, backwaters and lakes are used as inland waterways. It was the major means of transportation before the advent of railways and roadways. Sea routes and oceanic routes are mostly used for transporting bulky goods from one country to another. Waterways are a major means of domestic and foreign trade.
With a long coastline of 7,516.6 km, India is dotted with 12 major and 187 minor ports. These major ports handle 95 per cent of India’s foreign trade. Waterways are the gateway to international trade. The following are the important ports in the country:
• Kandla port (Kuchchh): It was the first port to be developed immediately after independence. Its main aim was to reduce the volume of trade through the Mumbai port that had increased due to the loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after the partition. It mainly focuses on the exports and imports from the fertile lands and industrial belt that stretches across Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
• Mumbai port: It is the biggest port in the country. It also caters to the export and import requirements of the Mumbai-Pune industrial belt. The Jawaharlal Nehru port was scheduled to reduce the trade load of the Mumbai port and to be established as the core port for the region.
• Marmagao port (Goa): It concentrates on the export of iron ore from the country. Nearly 50% of the iron ore export of the country is enabled from this port.
• New Mangalore port (Karnataka): It concentrates on the export of iron ore from the country. It enables the export of iron ore procured from the Kudremukh mines.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years ago
The country which has the Highest Road density in world is Japan (327 for every 100 km2 area).
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Vrinda Rajput 4 years, 11 months ago
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