A n s w e r
There are three main regions of commercial dairy farming:

1. The largest is North-Western Europe.
2. Second is Canada.
3. The third belt includes South Eastern Australia, New Zealand and Tasmania.

Doubling time is the amount of time it takes for a given quantity to double in size or value at a constant growth rate. We can find the doubling time for a population undergoing exponential growth by using the Rule of 70. To do this, we divide 70 by the growth rate (r).

The doubling time is time it takes for a population to double in size/value. It is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, compound interest, the volume of malignant tumours, and many other things that tend to grow over time. When the relative growth rate (not the absolute growth rate) is constant, the quantity undergoes exponential growth and has a constant doubling time or period, which can be calculated directly from the growth rate.

This time can be calculated by dividing the natural logarithm of 2 by the exponent of growth, or approximated by dividing 70 by the percentage growth rate[1] (more roughly but roundly, dividing 72; see the rule of 72 for details and derivatiatives of this formula).

The doubling time is a characteristic unit (a natural unit of scale) for the exponential growth equation, and its converse for exponential decay is the half-life.

 The three approaches introduced in 1970’s in human geography are :
(i)Welfare Approach : The influence of capitalism in the world is constantly on the rise. On account of capitalism various types of difference-economic, social and others-among groups of people are on the rise. In order to find solutions to these inequalities the welfare approach was born. David Harvey and D.M. Smith are proponents of this thought.
(ii)Behavioural Approach: The limitations placed by positivism led to reactions against it. This ‘approach’ is mainy borrowed from psychology. The Behavioural approach was an antithesis of positivism in which the cognitive power of human beings was emphasised. Woolpert and Oloson are the staunch supporters of Behavioural Approach.
(iii)Radical Approach: The radical school of thought employed Marxian theory (welfare) and explained the basic cause of poverty, deprivation and social inequality. The contemporary social problems were related to the development of welfare approach.

The three approaches introduced in 1970's in human geography are :
(i)Welfare Approach : The influence of capitalism in the world is constantly on the rise. On account of capitalism various types of difference-economic, social and others-among groups of people are on the rise

The teaching and learning of Geography has been a matter of debate amongst geographers. Some examples are:

• Whether geographical phenomena be theoretically interpreted or through historic-institutional approach;
• Whether subject matter be organised and approach to study and teach geography should be regional or systematic;
• Whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising or descriptive?

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another in search of better opportunities with an intention to settle. In the Census of India migration is enumerated on two bases:

• Place of birth: If the place of birth is different from the place of enumeration (known as life-time migrant);
• Place of residence: If the place of last residence is different from the place of enumeration (known as migrant by place of last residence).

15

Star, rectangle, linear, circular, t-y shape, double villages

Pattern of human settlement?

Conventional sources of energy	Non-conventional sources of energy
These sources of energy are also known as a non-renewable source of energy	These sources of energy are also known as a renewable source of energy
They find both commercial and industrial purposes	They are mainly used for household purposes
These can be considered to be one of the reasons for the cause of pollution	These are not responsible for the cause of pollution
Coal, fossil fuels are two examples	Wind, solar energy and Biomass two examples

Hydropower is fueled by water, so it's a clean fuel source, meaning it won't pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas. ... Because hydropower plants can generate power to the grid immediately, they provide essential back-up power during major electricity outages or disruptions.

Systematic geography:-The study of a particular element in geography, such as agriculture and settlement, seeking to understand the processes which influence it and the spatial patterns which it causes.

Regional geography:-It is a major branch of geography. It focuses on the interaction of different cultural and natural factors in a specific land or land space, while its counterpart, systematic geography.

Yes you have to make a geography file. Consisting of practical which constitutes 30 marks

Yes

Retail trading is the final stage of trading in which goods reach in consumers hand

Retail is the process of selling consumer goods or services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit. Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain.

ERATOSTHENES

The history of geography includes many histories of geography which have differed over time and between different cultural and political groups. In more recent developments, geography has become a distinct academic discipline. 'Geography' derives from the Greekγεωγραφία – geographia,[1] a literal translation of which would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC).

 Sustainability means continuity in the availability of opportunities. To have sustainable human development, each generation must have the same opportunities. All environmental, financial and human resources must be used keeping in mind the future. Misuse of any of these resources will lead to fewer opportunities for future generations. In other words sustainable human development refers to developing the current generation using all the available resourses efficiently so that there is no shortage of resourses for the future generation.

Birth

Births

Iron: There are deposits of high grade iron ore in India. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka are the states with iron ore deposits. Mica: Mica is mainly found in Jharkhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan.  Jharkhand carved out of Bihar in November, 2000 is one of the leading mineral producing States. It is one of the leading producers of coal, kyanite, gold, silver, bauxite and felspar. Uranium ore is being mined and processed by Uranium Corporation of India Ltd.

employability ,good health care system,good public environment,availablity of schools n institutions

Irrigation is important to a country like India because rainfall here is seasonal in nature. It is limited to four months of a year. It is also important because some crops require more water than what it is provided by the rainfall, therefore we have to depend on irrigation.

Yes

Natural growth of population means birth rate and death rate. :-Positive growth of population means increase in population means(birth rate). :- negative growth of population means decrease in population(death rate).

Environmental determinism: The interaction between the primitive society and nature is called environmental determinism. This idea was supported by the two German geographers Ratzel and Semple. In this case, nature acts as an active force whereas man is the passive force. Nature dictates the activities of man. Reasons for this- low level of socio-cultural, economical and technical development. It is a state of absolute necessity. Possibilism: The interaction between the modern society and the nature is called Possibilism. This idea was supported by the French geographer Blache. In this concept, the man becomes the active force whereas the nature takes a backseat. Man with the help of technological developments and socio-economic development has controlled the activities of the nature. It is a state of absolute freedom. Neo-determinism: A geographer Griffith Taylor introduced a new concept which reflects a middle path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas Environmental determinism and Possibilism. The concept shows that there never arises a situation of absolute freedom or absolute necessity. Human beings can conquer nature only by obeying it. It tries to maintain a balance between development and nature. The neo-determinism conceptually attempts to bring a balance nullifying the either or dichotomy. Sustainable development is the main aim.

Possibilism is reaction to determinism and environmental determinism. It is based upon the assumption that environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. This theory says that the true and only geographical problem is that to utilisation of possibilities. Environmental determinism is an idea that occupied a central position in geography dur- ing the early part of the twentieth century. It holds that the physical environment shapes the course of human economic, cultural, and social development, and that this effect is independent of space and time.

Social geography- History Political geography- Military Science Economic geography- Agricultural Science

Population distribution is a term used to describe how humans are spread across the Earth. Population distribution across the Earth is uneven. Some areas are densely populated, whereas others are sparsely populated.

The land surface of the Earth accounts for around 30% of its area. However, only around 11% of the land surface can be comfortably inhabited by humans. Many human and physical factors affect population distribution and population density across the world.

Physical factors that affect population density include water supply, climate, relief (shape of the land), vegetation, soils and availability of natural resources and energy.

Human factors that affect population density include social, political and economic factors.

Indian society has been unfavorable to women.

Tertiary activities are related to the service sector. Manpower is an important component of the service sector as most of the tertiary activities are performed by skilled labour, professionally trained experts and consultants.

Irrigation is the process of applying water to the crops artificially to fulfil their water requirements. Nutrients may also be provided to the crops through irrigation. The various sources of water for irrigation are wells, ponds, lakes, canals, tube-wells, and even dams. Irrigation offers moisture required for growth and development, germination, and other related functions.

Types of Irrigation

There are different types of irrigation practised for improving crop yield. These types of irrigation systems are practised based on the different types of soils, climates, crops and resources. The main types of irrigation followed by farmers include:

Surface Irrigation

In this system, no irrigation pump is involved. Here, water is distributed across the land by gravity.

Localized Irrigation

In this system, water is applied to each plant through a network of pipes under low pressure.

Sprinkler Irrigation

Water is distributed from a central location by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or from sprinklers from the moving platform.

Drip Irrigation

In this type, drops of water are delivered near the roots of the plants. This type of irrigation is rarely used as it requires more maintenance.

Centre Pivot Irrigation

In this, the water is distributed by a sprinkler system moving in a circular pattern.

Foraging is searching for wild food resources. It affects an animal's fitness because it plays an important role in an animal's ability to survive and reproduce. Foraging theory is a branch of behavioral ecology that studies the foraging behavior of animals in response to the environment where the animal lives

Various sources of irrigation in India are canals, tanks , tube wells and other wells, with tube wells and canals together accounting for about 70 % of total irrigation. across the land by simple gravity flow in order to wet it and to infiltrate into the soil. Irrigation in India includes a network of major and minor canals from Indian rivers, groundwater well based systems, tanks, and other rainwater harvesting projects for agricultural activities. Of these groundwater system is the largest.

In 2013-14, only about 36.7% of total agricultural land in India was reliably irrigated, and remaining 2/3rd cultivated land in India is dependent on monsoons. 65% of the irrigation in India is from groundwater.[4]Currently about 51% of the agricultural area cultivating food grains is covered by irrigation . The rest of the area is dependent on rainfall which is most of the times unreliable and unpredictable.