Carbon monoxide binds very strongly to the iron atoms in hemoglobin, the principal oxygen-carrying compound in blood. The affinity between CO and hemoglobin is 200 times stronger than the affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen. When CO binds to the hemoglobin it cannot be released nearly as readily as oxygen would be. The preferential binding of carbon monoxide to heme iron is the main reason for carbon monoxide poisoning.

  Exposure to carbon monoxide can cause symptoms that include headaches, nausea and even death.Carbon monoxide is harmful when breathed because it displaces oxygen in the blood and deprives the heart, brain, and other vital organs of oxygen. Large amounts of CO can overcome you in minutes without warning—causing you to lose consciousness and suffocate.

Enantiomer is an optical isomer, is one of two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that are non-superposable, much as one's left and right hands are the same except for being reversed along one axis.

Enantiomers have identical chemical and physical properties except for their ability to rotate plane-polarized light (+/-) by equal amounts but in opposite directions.

Enantiomers interact differently with other chiral molecules i.e. biologically active molecules as aminoacids, sugars, steroids etc. This means that some molecules have, for example, different odours. Limonene is just such a case. Two chemical structures of mirror-image molecules, i.e. enantiomers, which cannot be superimposed. D-(+)-limonene (left) and L-(-)-limonene (right)

Stereoisomers are molecules that share the same molecular formula and arrangement of atoms, but differ from one another in 3-dimensional space.Molecules that are stereoisomers of each other represent the same structural isomer. ‎

A large amount of nitrogen is available in atmosphere. The solubility of gases in liquids increases with increase in pressure. When sea divers dive deep into the sea, large amount of nitrogen dissolves in their blood. When they come back to the surface, solubility of nitrogen decreases and it separates from the blood and forms small air bubbles. This leads to a dangerous medical condition called bends. Therefore, air in oxygen cylinders used for diving is diluted with helium gas. This is done as He is sparingly less soluble in blood.

In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase(during which the DNA is replicated) and is often accompanied or followed by cytokinesid, which divides the cytoplasm,  orangalles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.

Glucose has cyclic structure to make it more stable.Glucose molecules form rings. The first carbon atom (C₁), which is an aldehyde group (-CHO), creates a hemiacetal with the fifth carbon atom (C₅) to make a 6-membered-ring (termed a pyranose). The atoms in this cyclic molecule then arrange themselves in space to minimize the amount of strain on each of the covalent bonds.

The carbon atoms in the glucose ring each have four covalent bonds. The best, or optimum angle, between all these bonds is 109.5 degrees, which results in a perfect tetrahedron. If, for any reason, these bonds are forced into greater, or smaller angles then the molecule will be strained or stressed, and be much less stable. It follows, therefore, that the glucose molecule will be at its most stable when all the carbon atoms can arrange themselves so that their bond angles are all close to 109.5 degrees.

CHCl₃ (chloroform) on warming with alcohol and KOH and aniline gives carbylamine. The distinguishing feature is its foul smell. while if the same test is performed on carbon tetra chloride, no effect will be shown. CCl₄ does not show the above test.

CHCl₃ on warming with alcohol and KOH and aniline gives foul smell of isocyanide.

Its SI units are siemens per meter per molarity, or siemens meter-squared per mole. The usual symbol is a capital lambda, Λ, or Λm.

An effect arising between two or more agents, entities, factors, or substances that produces an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.

CO (the carbonyl ligand) can interact with a transition metal in two ways:

1) It possesses a full sp-orbital on carbon, which can donate electron density to a transition metal and thereby form a bond (much like any other two electron donor, e.g. amines, pyridine, water etc.)

2) CO also possesses an empty p-orbital on carbon at 90 degrees to the sp-orbital. This empty p-orbital can accept electron density from a transition metal, again forming a bonding interaction.

These two opposing effects happen at the same time, enhancing the strength of each interaction: As the CO ligand donates more electron density to the metal (from the sp-orbital) the metal becomes more electron-rich and more able to donate electron density to the empty p-orbital on the carbon, i.e the strength of each bonding interaction is in part dependant on the other.