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Ask QuestionPosted by Anisha Kabsuri 4 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
Chlorobenzene is less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction because of the following reasons:
(1) Resonance effect: The electron pair on chlorine atom is in conjugation with the 
electrons of the benzene ring which results in the following resonance structures:
This results in delocalization of the electrons of C - Cl bond and a partial double bond character develops in the bond, which makes it difficult for the Nucleophile to cleave the C - Cl bond.
(2) Polarity of the C-Cl bond: The sp2 hybridized carbon atom involved in C-Cl bond in chlorobenzene is more electronegative than the sp3 hybrid carbon atom in alkyl halide. Therefore, this sp2 hybridised carbon atom has less tendency to release electrons to the Cl atom. Thus, lower the polarity of C-Cl, lesser is the reactivity.
Posted by Aman Choudhary 4 years, 10 months ago
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Posted by Harshit Waldia 4 years, 10 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 10 months ago
The given compound 'A' is calcium oxychloride because it is a oxidising agent and in open it reacts with CO2 to give pungent smelling chlorine gas.
CaOCl2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + Cl2 It is prepared by the action of dry slaked lime with chlorine gas.
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O
Calcium oxychloride is commercially known as Bleaching powder.
Posted by Divya Rawat 4 years, 10 months ago
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Aaditya Kushwah 4 years, 10 months ago
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Posted by Keerthi Keerthi 4 years, 10 months ago
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Alok Yadav 4 years, 10 months ago
Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
sp2 hybridization is observed when one s and two p orbitals of the same shell of an atom mix to form 3 equivalent orbital. The new orbitals formed are called sp2 hybrid orbitals.
Examples of sp2 Hybridization
- All the compounds of Boron i.e. BF3, BH3
- All the compounds of carbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond, Ethylene (C2H4)
sp3 Hybridization
When one ‘s’ orbital and 3 ‘p’ orbitals belonging to the same shell of an atom mix together to form four new equivalent orbital, the type of hybridization is called a tetrahedral hybridization or sp3. The new orbitals formed are called sp3 hybrid orbitals.
Example of sp3 hybridization: ethane (C2H6), methane
Posted by Keerthi Keerthi 4 years, 10 months ago
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Sai Sharan Raj 4 years, 10 months ago
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Aaditya Kushwah 4 years, 10 months ago
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Posted by Kajal Rao 4 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
- The p-Block elements: Elements belonging to groups 13 to 18 of the periodic table are called p-block elements.
- General electronic configuration of p-block elements: The p-block elements are characterized by the ns2np1-6 valence shell electronic configuration.
- Representative elements: Elements belonging to the s and p-blocks in the periodic table are called the representative elements or main group elements.
- Inert pair effect: The tendency of ns2 electron pair to participate in bond formation decreases with the increase in atomic size. Within a group the higher oxidation state becomes less stable with respect to the lower oxidation state as the atomic number increases. This trend is called ‘inert pair effect’. In other words, the energy required to unpair the electrons is more than energy released in the formation of two additional bonds.
Posted by Ankita Gurjar 4 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
Glycerol, also known as glycerin or glycyl alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols.
Posted by Sakshi Hello 4 years, 10 months ago
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Posted by Saumya Joshi 4 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
Peroxide effect or kharasch effect or anti-markovnikoff rule is applicable when HBr reacts with unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of peroxide. In this reaction, the Br atom gets attached to that doubly bonded carbon atom which has more number of hydrogen atoms attached to it while H atom if HBr gets attached to the other carbon atom which has less number of hydrogen atoms.
E.g:- CH3-CH=CH2 + HBr(peroxide) → CH3-CH2-CH2-Br
It is an example of free radical addition reaction.
Posted by Gurleen Kaur 4 years, 10 months ago
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Tanya ?? 4 years, 10 months ago
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Arul Dhavan 4 years, 5 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
- Crystals have an orderly arrangement of their constituent particles. In comparison, amorphous solids have no such arrangement. Their particles are randomly organised.
- Crystals have a specific geometric shape with definite edges. Amorphous solids have no geometry in their shapes
- Crystalline solids have a sharp melting point on which they will definitely melt. An amorphous solid will have a range of temperature over which it will melt, but no definite temperature as such
- Crystals have a long order arrangement of their particles. This means the particles will show the same arrangement indefinitely. Amorphous solids have a short order arrangement. Their particles show a lot of variety in their arrangement.
- Crystalline solids cleavage (break) along particular points and directions. Amorphous solids cleavage into uneven parts with ragged edges.
Tanya ?? 4 years, 10 months ago
Posted by Aina Parvez 4 years, 10 months ago
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Tanya ?? 4 years, 10 months ago
Posted by Aina Parvez 4 years, 10 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 10 months ago
Classification of Crystalline Solids based on Different Binding Forces. Crystalline solids can be classified into different categories depending upon the type of constituent particles and the nature of attractive forces operating between them.
Atomic Solids
In these solids the constituent particles are atoms. These closely packed atoms are held up by London dispersion forces. Some examples are crystals of noble gases. Such solids are very soft, possess very low melting points and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Molecular Solids
In these solids, the constituent particles which pack up together are molecules of the substance. These molecules may be non – polar (dipole moment = 0) such as etc. or they may be polar (dipole moment > 0) like etc.
In case of non – polar molecules, the attractive forces operating between the molecules are Vander Waal forces (also called dispersion forces). The example of such solids are : dry ice (Solid, iodine (crystals).
In case of polar molecules, the attractive forces operating between the molecules in solid state are dipole – dipole forces. The examples of such solids are : solid, solid HCl. However, in some solids with polar molecules, the interparticle forces are hydrogen bonds. The examples of such solids are ice; solid hydrogen fluoride (HF); solid ammonia, etc.
Posted by Komal Jena 2 years, 8 months ago
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Tarush Raj Tiwari 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Pradeep Solanki 4 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
When plane polarized light is passed through a substance, it may or may not rotate the plane of the plane polarized light. The substance which does not rotate the plane of the plane polarized light is known as optically inactive compound, while a substance which rotates the plane of the plane polarized light is known as optically active substance.
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Anisha Kabsuri 4 years, 10 months ago
0Thank You