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Abhinav Kalaliya 7 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 6 months ago
n-type semiconductor
- When pure Si or Ge which has four valency electrons is doped with controlled amount of pentavalent atoms, like Arsenic, Phosphorus, Antimony or Bismuth, we get a n-type semiconductor
- The four valence electron from the impure atom will combine with four electrons of the Si or Ge atom to form 4 covalent bonds
- The fifth electron of the impure atom is free to move. Thus, each atom of the impure substance, donates a free electron for conduction. Hence, it is called as donor atom
- Giving the free electron for conduction, the impure atom becomes positively charged, giving rise to a hole
- Thus in n-type semiconductors, electrons are the majority carriers and holes are minority carriers.
p-type semiconductor
- When pure Si or Ge which has four valency electrons is doped with controlled amount of trivalent atoms, like Gallium, Indium, Boron or Aluminium, we get a p-type semiconductor
- The three valence electron from the impure atom will combine with three electrons of the Si or Ge atom to form 3 covalent bonds
- There will be one unbounded electron in the Ge atom which would try to form a covalent bond with the neighbouring Ge atom
- This Ge-Ge covalent bond creates a deficiency of electron in Ge atom. Thus, creating a hole
- This hole is compensated by the breakage of Ge-Ge covalent bond in the neighbourhood. Hence, electron moves towards the hole, resulting in hole formation at some other place
- The trivalent atoms are called acceptor atoms and conduction of electricity is due to the motion of holes
- Thus in p-type semiconductors, holes are the majority carriers and electrons are minority carriers.
Swati Singh 7 years, 6 months ago
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Athmika Prajesh 7 years, 6 months ago
2Thank You