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Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

Y gene codes for protein named permease because it increases permeability(permission for entry) of cell to beta galactosides and even of lactose.....Z gene codes for beta galactosidase that hydrolyse/convert lactose to glucose and galactose.......a gene codes for transacteylase......as soon as glucose level increases in cytosol and lactose reduces ,i gene starts it's working....Lactose is also called inducer because it is responsible for inducing means initiating the transcriptional process....and i gene is also called inhibitor because it inhibits or prevents RNA polymerase from transcription...... Hope it helps

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

i gene works only when there is sufficient glucose in cytosol and lactose is absent.........................lactose is absent-->i gene codes for repressor that binds to operator.. Repressor protein is so called because it represses RNA polymerase from transcribing structural genes..so no proyein synthesis takes place .............lactose is present (means there is deficiency of glucose in cytosol)-lactose will bind to Repressor protein and protect operator site.....Now operator is not blocked by repressor protein..RNA polymerase starts transcribing z,y,a gene and protein synthesis will occur...

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

Lac operon--Lactose operon( a polycistronic structural gene)that contain genes that will code for those proteins which bring lactose inside cytosol and convert it into glucose and galactose.......Components--promoter->i gene also called regulatory gene->operator gene->structural genes i.e. z,y and a......................Functions--i gene-codes for reprresor protein that binds to operator and suppresses its activity and (see diagram) it blocks RNA polymerase from transcribing z,y,a genes.......operator gene-where repressor protein binds..........structural genes-transcription occurs.....

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

In prokaryotes some of structural genes of related functions are grouped together in operons and an operon is trancribed as a single unit producing a polycistronic mRNA.........

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

Lac operon-- all about a polycistronic gene...in eukaryotes like us a single transcriptional unit contain single structural gene that will code for single protein but in prokaryotes a single trancriptional unit contains a no. Of structural gene coding for a no. Of proteins but are a part of single metabolic pathway........

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

About Locations--->>location of promoter and terminator in transcriptional unit are with reference to coding strand because it's polarity is similar to transcriptional RNA i.e. 5'-3'...............Promoter-located at 5' end (upstream) of coding strand......terminator-located at 3' end (downstream) of coding strand...... Which strand will act as non coding strand depend on position of these two parts.......if they interchange their position then coding strand will become non coding strand and vice versa.......

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

''About Strands in transcriptional unit->Non-Coding strand--Strand with polarity 3' to 5' acts as template strand or strand that will get transcribed...though it codes for transcriptional RNA but still called Non-Coding strand only because of its polarity 3'to 5' which is opposite to tanscriptional RNA 5' to 3'..................Coding strand--Strand of transcriptional unit that will not take part into transcription(5' to 3'), though does not take part in transcription but called coding strand is also only because of polarity(5'-3') which is same as that of transcritional RNA(5'-3')..............

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

Transcription unit of eukaryotes--segment of DNA that takes part in transcription......it consists of three parts-...........1.promoter-dna sequence that binds with RNA polymerase and initiates trancription process........2.Structural gene-part of transcriptional unit that will be transcribed into RNA (hnRNA)....3.terminator-dna sequence of transcritional unit that is responsible for terminating(means ending) of transcription process..................

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

I m good in topics from page 106 to page 117 of ncert..if u say i can send notes of topics u don't understand in these pages via this app they are really helpful...tell name of topic..

4Thank You

▪▪Amrit▪▪ ❤ 6 years, 1 month ago

Same bro..mera bho yhi hai..hmare teacher hi leave kr gye the ..nov. me 3 chapter rehte the..baki ho gya ..molecular biology end se rehta gai...vipin sharma ki videos dekho..maiene vha se kia hai...

ANSWER

Differentiate between the role of B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte in generating immune response

Posted by Mr Dev 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Gaming Mode 6 years, 1 month ago

The B lymphocyte produce an army of protein in response to pathogen.and T lymphocyte do not secrete antibodies but help B lymphocyte to produce them..

ANSWER

What is sultation

Posted by Abhishek Vishwakarma 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago

In biology, saltation (from Latin, saltus, "leap") is a sudden and large mutational change from one generation to the next, potentially causing single-step speciation. ... Speciation, such as by polyploidy in plants, can sometimes be achieved in a single and in evolutionary terms sudden step. In biology, saltation is a sudden and large mutational change from one generation to the next, potentially causing single-step speciation. This was historically offered as an alternative to Darwinism. Some forms of mutationism were effectively saltationist, implying large discontinuous jumps.

ANSWER

saltation

Posted by Vishal Yadav 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

3 answers

Bhawari Patel 6 years, 1 month ago

Single step mutation

Gaming Mode 6 years, 1 month ago

Sudden large mutation

Akanksha Singh 6 years, 1 month ago

Single step mutation

ANSWER

Explain palidromic sequences for 3marks questiom

Posted by Shruti Gupta 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Gaming Mode 6 years, 1 month ago

A palindromic sequence is a sequence made up of nucleic acids within double helix of DNA or RNA that is same when read from 5' to 3' on one strand and 5' to 3' on the other complementary strand It is also known as a palindrome or an inverted-reverse sequence.

ANSWER

Name a asexual plant

Posted by Gkm As Gopal Krishna Mishra 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Meghna Thapar 6 years ago

Strawberries reproduce asexually by allowing plantlets at the ends of stolons to grow in soil.

ANSWER

Name the technology and write the procedure that can help a scientist to recover viruses free sugarcane plant from disease canes for his crops breeding experiment

Posted by Muskan Agrahari 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

2 answers

Shruti Gupta 6 years, 1 month ago

Micropropagation is the correct a swer

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

Tissue culture is technique of regenerating a whole plant from any part of a plant by growing it on culture medium under suitable conditions...that part of infected sugarcane plant is taken which is not infected by virus yet...and grown on nutrient medium containing carbon source,inorganic salts,growth regulators like auxins,vitamins and amino acids...plant produced by this technique will be virus free and genetically identical to original sugarcane plant...

ANSWER

12 ka biology notes

Posted by Virendra Verma 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

0 answers

ANSWER

Why is Commenselism necessary for habitat???

Posted by Nikhil Bhardwaj 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

3 answers

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

1.Because it provides species protection..For eg.barnacles grow on back of whale which is their habitat this provides them a protective shelter and protect them from predators..another eg is of sea anemones and clown fish which live in close association and fish is protected from predators due to stinging tentacles on sea anemones.....................2.it provides species nutrition eg.orchid grows as an epiphyte on a mango tree .orchid gets shelter and nutrition from mango tree.....

Ritwik Choudhary 6 years, 1 month ago

A commensal species benefits from another species by obtaining locomotion, shelter, food, or support from the host species, which neither benefits nor is harmed.

Arti Yadav 6 years, 1 month ago

Why is commmen

ANSWER

Which is the factor responsible for the wide variety of habitat formed within each biome ?

Posted by Swadhin Mohapatra 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago

The biomes are influenced by seasonal variations together with annual variations in precipitation(both rain and snow). Regional and local variations within each biomes lead to the formation of a wide variety of habitat. Five common abiotic factors are atmosphere, chemical elements, sunlight/temperature, wind and water. Every living organism has a habitat. Habitats vary greatly from organism to organism, because all living things have different needs for survival. Some species have flexible habitat needs, while other species require very specific habitats in order to survive.

ANSWER

Which type of question comes from biodiversity or whose imp topics

Posted by Zubair Khan 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Alam Choudhary 6 years, 1 month ago

In situ and ex situ...

ANSWER

What is catalytic converter

Posted by Gopal Thakur 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

2 answers

Padmesh Panigrahy. 6 years, 1 month ago

These are fitted into automobile to reduce the emission of poisonous gas like NO and CO. They have expensive metals like platinum-palladium and rhodium as catalyst. As the exhaust emission passed through the catalytic converter NO splits into nitrogen and oxygen,and CO oxidises to carbondioxide and unburnt hydrocarbon burns completely into CO2 and H2O. Motor vehicles fitted with the catalytic converter should use unleaded petrol as leaded petrol deactivates the catalyst used.

Vasantha Rajan 6 years, 1 month ago

Cataylic converter are fitted into automobiles for reducing emissions of poisonous gases like CO, NO2

4Thank You

ANSWER

Differentiate between homology and analogy give one example of each.

Posted by Tushar Gautam 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

3 answers

Gopal Thakur 6 years, 1 month ago

Example of analogyeye of octopus mammals

Gopal Thakur 6 years, 1 month ago

Example of homology - throns and tendrils of Bougainvillea and cucurbita

Gopal Thakur 6 years, 1 month ago

Homology & analogy are phenomena that indicate divergent & convergent evolution respectively. Homology &analogy indicates common ancestry & different ancestors respectively

ANSWER

DNA one strand is 5-3 prime & another strand is 3-5 prime.why?

Posted by Saurabh Dhaundiyal 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

2 answers

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

Because both strands of dna are complementary to each other...if one strand has polarity 5'-3' other strand attached to it will be in opposite direction and thus will have opposite polarity i.e.3'-5'...

Shefu ??????? 6 years, 1 month ago

Because one is coding strand and other is template strand so have opposite Prime. Or agar woh same hoga toh woh apas ma bond nhi form kr paagha as A=T,C triple bond G

ANSWER

What is the full form of hnRNA

Posted by Shivang Sharma 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

3 answers

Bhawari Patel 6 years, 1 month ago

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic avid

Äðřîjã Păĺ 6 years, 1 month ago

Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribo Nucleic Acid

Rishabh Raj Patel 6 years, 1 month ago

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP).

ANSWER

What type of placenta found in humans?

Posted by Neha Thakur 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

2 answers

Äðřîjã Păĺ 6 years, 1 month ago

Haemo chorial

Ritwik Choudhary 6 years, 1 month ago

The human placenta is allanto-chorial (the chorial placental circulation is connected with the fetal allantois).

ANSWER

What makes polynucleotide 5-3 prime & 3-5 prime

Posted by Saurabh Dhaundiyal 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Shivam Garg 6 years, 1 month ago

DNA dependent DNA polymerase enzyme makes polynucleotide 5-3 prime and DNA ligase enzyme make 3-5 prime polynucleotide

ANSWER

Can anyone help me with bio model question papers can anyone ....

Posted by Ayaan Ali ?? 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Shivang Sharma 6 years, 1 month ago

I can

ANSWER

Define the term neoplastic cells

Posted by Vinay Kumar 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Deepak Nayak 6 years, 1 month ago

The cells which can turn out to be tumuor

ANSWER

What is intron and exon

Posted by Nishi Kri 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

3 answers

Riya Rana 6 years, 1 month ago

Exons are the coding sequence of dna (that can express themselves) and introns are the non coding sequences of dna. mRNA consists only of exons. Introns are removed through splicing.

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

Though introns code for no protein but still they are responsible for dissimilarities in all of us.....because codon is universal and exons will code for same protein in all...

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

Introns also called intervening sequences are present in gene and hnRNA.......they do not code for protein and are removed form hnRNA to make mRNA.......Exons are those sequences that code for protein and are present in gene,hnRNA and mRNa is fully made of exons(alongwith cap and tail).....

ANSWER

Immunoglobulin found in mother's milk ,is

Posted by Zaid Ansari 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

5 answers

Shivang Sharma 6 years, 1 month ago

IgA

Riya Rana 6 years, 1 month ago

IgA

Shreshtha Mathur 6 years, 1 month ago

IgA

Mrutyunjay Khatua 6 years, 1 month ago

IgA

Zaid Ansari 6 years, 1 month ago

Immunoglobulin found in mother's milk is

ANSWER

Pedgree analysis

Posted by Govind Rai 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

2 answers

Shivang Sharma 6 years, 1 month ago

It is a type of analysis in which the genetical problem are identified of their Ansesters

Akash Gangwar 6 years, 1 month ago

Pedigree analysis

ANSWER

Actually i need just a link....of bio question papers can anyone send me plzzz

Posted by Ayaan Ali ?? 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

0 answers

ANSWER

How chromosomes segregate when germ cells are formed?

Posted by Nakshathara Suresh 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

2 answers

Nakshathara Suresh 6 years ago

Riya Rana 6 years, 1 month ago

By meiosis

ANSWER

How to study in a month

Posted by Ayush Kumar 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

0 answers

ANSWER

Represent two kinds of human pyramod

Posted by Karma Sonam 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

S S 6 years, 1 month ago

There are three kinds positive growth ,transitional and neglecting. In positive type the base is broader and the population decreases on moving up. In transitional type there is minor change in population from base to top. In neglecting the top is broader than the base and shape is inverted therefore it is also called inverted shape pyramid.

ANSWER

Someone have biotechnology easy notes .......

Posted by Ritss ?? 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

6 answers

Ritss ?? 6 years, 1 month ago

I don't have gmail ??

Ritss ?? 6 years, 1 month ago

U can send me on whatsapp

Ayush Kumar 6 years, 1 month ago

Send me your gmail

Ayush Kumar 6 years, 1 month ago

I have it

Felas Hum 6 years, 1 month ago

But how can i give Means thhrough which source

Felas Hum 6 years, 1 month ago

Yes i havve it

ANSWER

Explain this statement ' Seeds offer several advantages to angiosperms'.

Posted by Ritwik Choudhary 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Yogita Ingle 6 years, 1 month ago

(i) They provide nourishment and parental care to the developing embryo.

(ii) They protect the embryo from harsh environmental conditions.

(iii) The dispersal of seeds to far-off places prevents competition among the members of the same species, thus preventing their extinction.

ANSWER

Describe the initiation process of transcription in bacteria

Posted by Shivam Jeet Yt 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Ritwik Choudhary 6 years, 1 month ago

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Simply stated transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. It is initiated by binding of RNA polymerase to double-stranded DNA; this step involves a transition to single-strandedness in the region of binding; RNA polymerase binds at a sequence of DNA called the promoter.

ANSWER

Why DNA not act as genatic material in viruses

Posted by Ragini Kushwah 6 years, 1 month ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

2 answers

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

But some viruses have DNA as genetic material......instead of RNA......

Muskaan Vig 6 years, 1 month ago

In viruses genetic material is RNA....this rna makes "dna" using reverse transcriptase enzyme in host and now this dna of virus will show it's effect....