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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a Y-shaped structure which consists of four polypeptides — two heavy chains and two light chains. ... Fab fragment is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens. It is composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain. Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four polypeptides– two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a "Y" shaped molecule. The amino acid sequence in the tips of the "Y" varies greatly among different antibodies.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
Mating of superior male of one breed and superior female of another breed is called cross breeding. Desirable qualities of two breeds can be combined by this process. Hisardale is a new breed of sheep developed in Punjab by crossing Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams.
Posted by Adarsh Kumar 7 years, 1 month ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
A white-eyed female fruit fly is crossed with a red-eyed male. Red eyes are dominant and X-linked. All of the females will have red eyes; half of the males will have red eyes, and half of the males will have white eyes. Since the X-chromosome is bigger and contains more genes than the Y-chromosome, most ***-linked traits are X-linked traits. Wild-type fruit flies have dark red eyes, but there are recessive alleles of this eye colour gene (called the white gene) that cause individuals to have white eyes.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
Two limitations of traditional breeding technique that led to promotion of micro-propagation are :
i. It was difficult to maintain purity of offspring produced by traditional breeding techniques.
ii. The traditional breeding methods took a long time and did not produce many offsprings.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
Antibiotics are used to reduce harmful bacteria in the body. Antibiotics can also reduce friendly bacteria in the body. Lactobacillus is a type of friendly bacteria. Taking antibiotics along with Lactobacillus can reduce the effectiveness of Lactobacillus. Antibiotics are taken during illness act as a double-edged sword killing not only the disease-causing microorganisms but also disrupting the normal microbial balance of the gut. Lactobacilli show varied response towards different antibiotics.
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Answer: During vaccination, inactivated or weakened pathogen introduced in the body. The antibodies produced against these antigens would neutralise the pathogen agents. This is a method to ensure an anamnestic response in humans
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
DNA is present in the nucleus not in the cytoplasm just to protect them from various enzymes in the cytoplasm which make it difficult to reach the cell membrane to pass through it. Also DNA is a hydrophilic molecules cannot easily pass through the cell membranes, unlike hydrophobic molecules. Cell membrane is made up of phospholipids and cholesterols which makes the DNA (hydrophilic molecule) molecule impermeable.
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