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Sia ? 6 years, 6 months ago
A repressor is a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers.
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Sia ? 6 years, 6 months ago
- Polymorphism is variation at the genetic level which arises due to mutations. New mutations may arise in an individual either in somatic cells or in the germ cells. If a germ cell mutation does not seriously impair an individual’s ability to have offspring who can transmit the mutation, it can spread to the other members of the population. If an inheritable mutation is observed in a population at a high frequency then it is known as DNA polymorphism.
- Polymorphism is a very important identification tool in forensic application like for paternity testing, in case of disputes and genetic mapping of the human genome.
- Genetic map of the human genome was generated using the information on polymorphism of restriction endonuclease recognition sites, and some repetitive DNA sequences known as microsatellites.
- Repetitive sequences are small stretch of DNA is repeated many times and make up a very large portion of the human genome. They are thought to have no direct coding functions, but they shed light on chromosome structure, dynamics, and evolution.
- Scientists have identified about 1.4 million locations where single-base DNA differences (SNPs – single nucleotide polymorphism) occur in humans. This information promises to revolutionize the processes of finding chromosomal locations for disease-associated sequences and tracing human history.
Posted by Lavanya Singh 6 years, 6 months ago
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This is a type of mixture in which all the components are completely mixed and all the particles can be seen under a microscope. We can easily identify the components and more than one phase can be seen by naked eyes.
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Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India is a famous fauna sanctuary that hosts thousands of birds. ( why is it not given in the NCERT )
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Harsh Mishra 6 years, 6 months ago
Syndrome is a collection of symptoms, or problems in the body. Because the immune system is damaged, and cannot fight off disease, people with AIDS get a collection of symptoms which is referred to as the "Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. Because we know that......"A syndrome is a set of medical signs and symptoms that are correlated with each other and, often, with a particular disease or disorder. ... In some instances, a syndrome is so closely linked with a pathogenesis or cause that the words syndrome, disease, and disorder end up being used interchangeably for them.
Posted by Aarushi Singh 6 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 6 months ago
| Oestrus cycle | Menstrual cycle |
| 1. The cyclic changes in the activities of ovaries and accessory ducts as well as hormones during the reproductive phase of non-primate mammals is called oestrus cycle. 2. Female show strong irresistible sexual urge. 3. there is estrus/heat production at the time of ovulation and copulation occurs only at that period 4. The shedding of endometrium and bleeding do not occur. E.g., cows, sheep, rats, deers, dogs and tigers etc. |
1. The cyclic changes in the activities of ovaries and accessory ducts as well as hormones during the reproductive phase of primate mammals is called menstrual cycle. 2. Female do not show irresistible sexual urge. 3. There is no heat period and copulation occurs during any time of the cycle. 4. The shedding of endometrium and bleeding occurs. E.g., monkeys, apes and humans. |
Posted by Anjanee Kumar Dwivedi??? 6 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 6 months ago
- Lac refers to lactose in lac operon.
- The lac operon consists of one regulatory gene the i gene which codes for the repressor of the lac operon and three structural genes (z, y, and a).
- The z gene codes for beta-galactosidase (β-gal), which hydrolyses disaccharide, lactose into galactose and glucose.
- The y gene codes for permease, which increases permeability of the cell to β-galactosides.
- The a gene encodes a transacetylase.
- Lactose is termed as inducer as lactose is the substrate for the enzyme beta-galactosidase and it regulates switching on and off of the operon.
- In the absence of inducer
- The repressor of the operon is synthesized (all-the-time – constitutively) from the i gene.
- The repressor protein binds to the operator region of the operon and prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the operon.
- In the presence of inducer
- The repressor is inactivated by interaction with the inducer which allows RNA polymerase access to the promoter and transcription proceeds.
- Regulation of lac operon by repressor is referred to as negative regulation.
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Albuminous Seed : Seed retains endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development. Eg. Wheat, maize, barley, sunflower, castor.
Non albuminous seed : Seeds do not retain endosperm as it is completely utilized during embryo development. Eg. Pea, grountnut.
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change. Hardy-Weinberg formula. p² + 2pq + q² = 1 ; can be used to determine if a populations is in genetic equilibrium. P stands for. So, the factors that affect the Hardy Weinberg principle includes gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and natural selection. The genetic variation of natural populations is constantly changing from genetic drift, mutation, migration, and natural and sexual selection. The Hardy-Weinberg principle gives scientists a mathematical baseline of a non-evolving population to which they can compare evolving populations.
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Sia ? 6 years, 6 months ago
The limits of the life span of each species appear to be determined ultimately by heredity. Locked within the code of the genetic material are instructions that specify the age beyond which a species cannot live given even the most favourable conditions.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 6 months ago
The chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed independently by Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri in 1902. According to this theory,
1. As the sperm and the egg cells serve as a connecting link from one generation to the other, all the hereditary characters must be carried in them.
2. The hereditary factors are present in the nucleus of cells.
3. Like Mendelian alleles, chromosomes are also found in pairs.
4. The sperm and egg having haploid sets of chromosomes fuse to re-establish the diploid state.
5. The genes are carried on the chromosomes.
6. Homologous chromosomes synapse during meiosis and get separated to pass into different cells. This forms the basis of segregation and independent assortment.
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