Universal adult franchise means anyone who is above 18 years of age have a right to vote and elect their representative

Following arguments are given against Universal Adult Franchise:

(i) Illiterate persons are not able to exercise their right to vote properly, so this right should be given only to the educated citizens.

(ii) Poor people are liable to sell their votes. So this right should not be given to them.

(iii) The system is very expensive. Large-scale arrangements have to be made for the election.
 

If the citizenry is vigilant, politics becomes much more public-spirited.

For example: As citizens, we are a bit like the audience in a music concert; we are not the main performers interpreting the song and melody. But we set the agenda and appreciate the output and put in new requests. Have you noticed that musicians perform better when they know the audience is knowledgeable and appreciative.

(i)Vigilant citizens are a must for the successful working of a democracy because they possess awakening, reason and ability to reflect on the actions of their representatives.

(ii)If vigilant citizens see politicians defecting from parties, making false promises and tall claims, manipulating different sections of the society, pursuing personal or group interests ruthlessly, these vigilant citizens can challenged this by taking various public platform.

(iii)They can protest and organise demonstrations to persuade the government to change the existing outdated laws or to frame or pass new laws and regulations.

(iv)Vigilant citizens have the capability to check wrong policies and corruption persisting among government officials and leaders.

Yes, British rule hampered the industrial sector of India in an adverse manner.
Under the British rule, India could never develop a sound industrial base. On one hand, while the world famous Indian handicrafts sector declined, on the other hand, no modern industries could ever be established to cover the loss.
The British government followed the policy of Systematic Deindustrialisation . This policy had the following two-fold motive
1.  Making India a supplier of raw materials: The British government intended to reduce India to a mere supplier of cheap raw material for its own flourishing industrial base.
2.  Making India a market for finished goods:  Another important objective of the British government was to turn India into a virgin market for the machine made finished products produced by the British industries.
Also, competition from machine-made Britain goods, discriminatory tariff policies, disappearance of princely states etc resulted in a substantial setbacks in Industrial sector of India.

It is most necessary for a country to have a clear demarcation of powers and responsibilities in the constitution. Powers of all institutions like the legislature, the executive and the judiciary and even independent statutory bodies like the Election Commission are demarcated.
It is to ensure that no single institution acquires monopoly of power. This ensures that even if one institution wants to subvert the constitution, others can check its transgressions.
For example, in Indian Constitution the principle of check and balance is applied to secure the fundamental rights to its citizens. In the absence of such a demarcation there would be problems to the citizens and the laws will be unjust and unfair. A constitution is to specify who has the power to make decisions in a society.
It decides how the government will be constituted. In a democratic constitution, it sets some limits on what a government can impose on its citizens. These limits are fundamental in the sense that government may never tresspass them.
The constitution shows how the organs of government should relate to each other. In a federal form of government, the judiciary is given a specific place. It can declare any law unconstitutional or ultra vires if it is not in the tune with the provisions of the constitution. If there was no demarcation of powers in centreand states, there would be a crisis and the federal set up would get strained.

The Constitution is needed for the following reasons:
1. The Constitution provides a framework within which a government has to work.
2. It controls the misuse of power by the government.
3. It minimises the chances of disputes among the various organs of the Government as it clearly defines their powers and functions.
4. It safeguards the fundamental rights of the citizens.