AUSTRALOPITHECUS- word derives from a Latin word 'austral' meaning southern and a Greek word 'pithecus' meaning ape. They have a smaller brain than (less intelligence, less memory, less thinking power). Heavier jaws and larger teeths enabled them to eat raw meat. They are quadrapeds which enabled them to spend life on trees due to flexible limbs and mobile ankle joints. Limited use of hands did not allow them to make stone tools.
HOMO- 'Homo' is a Latin word meaning 'man' including woman. They have a larger brain (more intelligence, more memory, more thinking power). Smaller jaws and inverted teeths enabled only to eat soft meat. These are bipedals which enabled them to walk on their two feet but for a short time. More of use of hands enabled them to make and use stone tools.

Australopithecus

• Australopithecus ramidus: Was 1.2 meters tall and the fossils show the foramen magnum that was large to indicate upright walking. The forelimbs were different from those of the earlier ape-like ancestors. They had teeth like humans.
• Australopithecus afarensis– ‘Lucy’ the famous fossil belonged to this species. They are said to have inhabited the African mainland. And they were shorter than the Australopithecus ramidus and had a small skull with flat noses and no chin. They were able to walk on two legs but the legs were slightly bowed which made their walk slightly ape-like. The bowed legs, fingers, and toes enabled them to climb trees and live there. They had large teeth and jaws.
• Australopithecus africanus– These also inhabited the African mainland. They were bipedal and had a small skull with small brains than Homo erectus but larger than their predecessors. Also, they had large teeth compared to current day humans and were herbivorous. They had large jaws.
• Australopithecus robustus– He was taller than his predecessors but still ape-like. They also weighed more than their ancestors. After the Australopithecus genus came the Homo genus. The first man in the genus was Homo habilis.

Australopithecus were the first to use tools. About 35,000 years ago, we came across the evidence of are markable improvement in the method of hunting animals. It became clear from the event that a special type of spear was used to hunt animals. The tools used by early man can be categorised into three types. They are discussed under following heads:

1. Hand-axes: They were used for pouncing. In the beginning, they were used without a handle, but later on wooden handle was attached to it. It was made possible to use them with much force.
2. Chopper: They were made of heavy stones worked to a sharp edge in one direction only, and were most probably used for chopping meat.
3. Flake implements: They were used as knives and scrapers for finer works. For thousands of years of man’s early history the only remains that we find are crude stone tools. These tools are often found lying along the terraces of rivers, or in the huts or caves where early man used to live and roam in search of wild animals. These tools made by him served many purposes such as skimming of dead animals. cutting their flesh, etc.

About 35,000 years ago new kinds of tools such as spear throwers, bow and arrow came into being

Hominids have evolved from hominoids and share certain common features, but there are major differences as well: 

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