CBSE has rationalized the syllabus with the help of suggestions from NCERT and the same has been notified by a new CBSE notification as well.

The CBSE syllabus has been reduced but care has been taken so that the learning outcomes remain the same and the students do not miss out on learning core concepts in various subjects.

Click on the links to get the syllabus

<a href="http://cbseacademic.nic.in/Revisedcurriculum_2021.html">http://cbseacademic.nic.in/Revisedcurriculum_2021.html</a>

Geography is the study of Earth’s landscapes, peoples, places and environments. It is, quite simply, about the world in which we live. Geography is unique in bridging the social sciences (human geography) with the natural sciences (physical geography). It also studies spatial organization and spatial integration.

Geography is an integrated discipline:
It is a discipline of synthesis; it includes spatial and temporal synthesis.
Its approach is holistic in nature. it recognizes the fact that the world is a system of interdependence. The present world is a global village. The efficient transport and communication helped the world to become unified village. The audiovisual media helped the data to be enriched. Technology provided better chances of monitoring natural phenomena as well as the economic and social parameters. Geography as an integrating discipline has interface with numerous natural and social sciences.

Nitrogen constitutes 78.8%, oxygen contributes 20.94% and argon contributes 0.93% in atmosphere. Other gases include carbon dioxide, helium, ozone, methane, hydrogen, krypton, xenon and neon, etc. Nitrogen and oxygen together constitute 99% of the atmosphere. Neon, krypton, xenon are scarce gases

India's slope is from west to east. And hence most of the Indian rivers which originate(either in the Himalayas or the Western Ghats) flow from West to East. ... As you know rivers drain into the sea and flow from higher altitude to lower altitude- ie from mountains to coastal plains. The Narmada and Tapi are main west-flowing rivers. The Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and The Kaveri are east-flowing rivers.

Social forestry refers to the management and protection of forests and afforestation on barren lands. Lands are managed with the help of local village communities. These communities take care of forests and can also utilise forest resources to some extent for fulfilling their own needs and requirements. Its main aims are:

• Fuel wood supply, so as to replace cow-dung as a source of energy.
• Small timber supply
• Protection of agricultural fields against wind
• Fodder supply

Types of Earthquakes

• Tectonic earthquakes: The most common form of earthquakes, it is caused by the movement of loose fragmented pieces of land on earth’s crust knowns as tectonic plates.
• Volcanic earthquake: The less prevalent compared to the tectonic variety, these earthquakes happen before or after the eruption of a volcano. It is caused when magma leaving the volcano are filled by rocks being pushed to the surface.
• Collapse earthquake: This earthquake occurs in underground mines. The main cause is due to pressure generated within the rocks.
• Explosion earthquakes: The occurrence of this type of earthquake is artificial in nature. High-density explosion such as nuclear explosions is the primary cause.

Following are the effects of the earthquake:

• Ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicentre are responsible for the earthquake. The intensity of ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology and distance.
• Damage to a man-made structure.
• An outbreak of fire and spilling of hazardous chemicals.

The major landforms are mountains, plateaus, and plains.
1. Mountains. They are natural elevation of the earth's surface they are higher than the surrounding area. Some mountains are very high. They are even higher than the clouds. Some mountains have permanently frozen rivers of ice known as glaciers. Mountains are generally thinly populated regions because the climate is harsh there. Farming is also not easily possible there. But mountains provide us water. They have a rich variety of flora and fauna.
2. Plateaus. They are usually flat-topped tableland and higher than the surrounding area. Plateaus may be young or old. The Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus. Plateaus are very useful for mankind. They have rich deposits of minerals such as diamonds, gold, iron, manganese, etc. Several waterfalls can be found in the plateau regions.
3. Plains. They are vast stretches of flat land. They are formed mostly by rivers and their tributaries. Plains are usually fertile lands. Hence, a thick population is found there. Construction of transport network is easy. 

Mechanism of Monsoon involves the following concept:

The phenomena of monsoon refer to the seasonal reversal of winds. It is because while the South West Monsoon winds blow from sea to land at the end of the summer season, the North east winds blow from land to sea during the winter season.

During the summer season the Indian mainland gets intensely heated up creating low pressure. High pressure area is created over the Indian Ocean due to the differential heating of the land and the sea. Because the winds blow from high pressure to low pressure areas, the South West Monsoon winds blow from Sea towards the Indian mainland. When moisture laden winds strike the Western Ghats and the mountains of north eastern parts of the country, they shed their moisture causing rainfall on the places lying on the windward side of the mountains. The Monsoon is also aided by the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone or Monsoon trough near the Equator where winds from northern and southern hemisphere merge.  During winters, the Indian mainland begins to cool down creating high pressure areas. Thus the north eastern winds blow from land and hence do not cause enough rainfall. They cause rainfall over the Coromandel Coast during winters. 

When meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere (or that of another planet, like Mars) at high speed and burn up, the fireballs or “shooting stars” are called meteors.

Geography is a discipline of synthesis. It attempts spatial synthesis, and history attempts temporal synthesis. Its approach is holistic in nature. It recognises the fact that the world is a system of interdependencies.

The present world is being perceived as a global village. The distances have been reduced by better means of transportation increasing accessibility. The audio-visual media and information technology have enriched the data base. Technology has provided better chances of monitoring natural phenomena as well as the economic and social parameters. Geography as an integrating discipline has interface with numerous natural and social sciences. All the sciences, whether natural or social, have one basic objective, of understanding the reality. Geography attempts to comprehend the associations of phenomena as related in sections of reality.

Every discipline, concerned with scientific knowledge is linked with geography as many of their elements vary over space. Geography helps in understanding the reality in totality in its spatial perspective. Geography, thus, not only takes note of the differences in the phenomena from place to place but integrates them holistically which may be different at other places. A geographer is required to have a broad understanding of all the related fields, to be able to logically integrate them. This integration can be understood with some examples. Geography influences historical events. Spatial distance itself has been a very potent factor to alter the course of history of the world. Spatial depth provided defence to many countries, particularly in the last century. In traditional warfare, countries with large size in area, gain time at the cost of space. The defence provided by oceanic expanse around the countries of the new world has protected them from wars being imposed on their soil. If we look at the historical events world over, each one of them can be interpreted geographically. In India, Himalayas have acted as great barriers and provided protection but the passes provided routes to the migrants and invaders from Central Asia. The sea coast has encouraged contact with people from East and Southeast Asia, Europe and Africa. Navigation technology helped European countries to colonise a number of countries of Asia and Africa, including India as they got accessibility through oceans. The geographical factors have modified the course of history in different parts of the world.

1. In converging plate boundaries, two plates move towards each other. On the other hand, diverging plate two plates move in opposite directions.

2. Converging plate boundaries are called destructive plate and diverging plates are called constructive plate.

3. Converging plate boundaries resultant in the occurrence of the explosive type of volcanic eruption, earthquake etc on the other hand diverging plate boundaries results in the creation of new oceanic crusts, and the creation of transform faults etc.

Volcanoes are grouped into four types:

• Cinder cones:Cinder cones are circular or oval cones made up of small fragments of lava from a single vent that have been blown up. Cinder cones result from eruptions of mostly small pieces of scoria and pyroclastics that build up around the vent.
• Composite volcanoes:Composite volcanoes are steep-sided volcanoes composed of many layers of volcanic rocks, usually made from high-viscosity lava, ash and rock debris. These types of volcanoes are tall conical mountains composed of lava flows and other ejecta in alternate layers, the strata that give rise to the name.
• Shield volcanoes:Shield volcanoes are volcanoes shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle with long gentle slopes made by basaltic lava flows. These are formed by the eruption of low-viscosity lava that can flow a great distance from a vent.
• Lava volcanoes: Lava domes are formed when erupting lava is too thick to flow and makes a steep-sided mound as the lava piles up near the volcanic vent. They are built by slow eruptions of highly viscous lava.

• A gulf is a large body of water almost encircled by land except for a small mouth that opens out to the sea. A strait is a strip of water that separates two lands or two large bodies of water.

• Straits are used for navigational purposes and have played an integral part when it comes to shipping routes. Gulfs are more useful for human settlements, as such areas provide easy access to the ocean while being well protected as well.

• Gulfs can be easily associated with inland bodies of water as well as the ocean. Straits are mostly discussed with regards to the ocean.

Plate tectonics is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of the plates making up the Earth's lithosphere since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3.3 and 3.5 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century.