What happens to the laburnum tree after the goldfinch flies away?

Ans. After singing, the goldfinch flies away into the infinite. The laburnum tree becomes silent and quiet again. Emptiness comes to it and it becomes as dead (silent) as it was earlier.

Mother’s Day deals with an issue that concerns all women the world over. The position of a woman in We family is pitiable both as a wife and as a mother. She is neglected and ordered about by the entire family. Her duties are unlimited, with no weekend break for recreation or change. Priestley discusses this issue in a humorous and satirical manner. Here are the two faces of woman—the liberated defiant and assertive Mrs Fitzgerald gives a practical demonstration of how the docile Mrs Pearson can become the mistress of her house. She suggests rough treatment as the only effective method. She shocks the family with her smoking, drinking and lighting mood. She is able to do so by using a spell and putting her own spirit into the body of her neighbour. They all feel miserable and agree to do what Mrs Pearson demands. The solution to the problem is a bit harsh, crude and not very practical.

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Overpopulation causes many problems in every day life. The three basic human needs—food, cloth and shelter have assumed alarming prepositions. Fisheries, forests, grasslands and croplands are under severe strain. In many areas they have reached an unsustainable level. People resort to over fishing to obtain protein. Forests are being destroyed to obtain firewood. Grasslands are becoming deserts. Artificial fertilizers have improved the productivity of croplands. Overpopulation hinders development and adversely affects the spread of education and health care among the masses. It is observed that the poor beget more children. It only leads them to unending poverty. More children does not mean more workers but merely more people without work. Thus over-population leads to unemployment. Public transport proves insufficient. We see long queues everywhere. In short, overpopulation leads to deterioration in environment and shortens our lives by causing many diseases.

As Lester Brown said, "We have not inherited this earth from our forefathers; we have borrowed it from our children", we see a transcending concern for the first time in human history— the survival not just of the people but of the planet. We have begun to take a holistic view of the very basis of our existence. The environmental problem does not necessarily signal our demise, it is our passport for the future. The emerging new world vision has ushered in the Era of Responsibility. It is a holistic view, an ecological view, seeing the world as an integrated whole rather than a dissociated collection of parts. Industry has a most crucial role to play in this new Era of Responsibility.  Margaret Thatcher once said,  “No generation has a freehold on this earth. All we have is a life tenancy — with a full repairing lease”. We have entered an era where people feel a sense of responsibility towards their ailing planet.

Answer:
The population of India was estimated to be 920 million in 1994. Overpopulation upsets all plans of development and causes poverty and unemployment. So either population is controlled or people would remain poor forever. Voluntary family planning helps population control in India.

According to official data, India is losing its forests at the rate of 3.7 million acres a year. The actual loss of forests is estimated to be about eight times the rate indicated by government statistics. Large areas, officially named forest land are already treeless. Moreover a five-fold increase in the rate of forest planting is needed to cope with the expected fuel wood demand 5 years later.

ANSWER
Over-fishing may lead to stripping the fisheries. Then man will lose a rich source of protein. The decimation of forests will harm ecology. Moreover, several species of life that live in forest will face extinction.

The earth has four principal biological systems. These are: fisheries, forests, grasslands and croplands. They form the basis of the world’s economic system. They supply us food and raw materials for industry.

In-a zoo at Lusaka, Zambia, there is a cage where the notice reads, 'the world's most dangerous animal'. Inside the cage, there is no animal but a mirror where one sees one's own reflection. This notice signifies that our planet faces the most potential threat from mankind rather from any other animal. Basically, it is man who thinks that Earth is his property and he can dominate it in any way he likes, eroding its resources to fulfill his selfish needs. 

ANSWER

The signs of the earth which are connected with life show that the earth is a patient in declining health. We must realize our moral obligations to be good stewards of the planet. We must act as responsible trustees of the legacy of future generations.

ANSWER

The author, Nani Palkhivala, refers to the 'Green Movement'. It has become very popular among the people of all countries. It started nearly twenty five years ago but it has gripped the imagination of the entire human race completely and quite rapidly.

Tibetan mastiffs were popular in China's imperial courts as hunting dogs. They were brought along the Silk Road in ancient times as tribute from Tibet. They were huge black dogs used as watchdogs. They explode into action like bullets.

On the evening of the 2nd of January, a giant wave, that first looked like a dark cloud, crashed into the boat, badly damaging it. The giant waves threw the narrator into the water and back into the boat, which resulted in him fracturing his ribs and breaking his teeth.

Hor is a small town on the main east-west highway. The highway followed the old trade route from Lhasa to Kashmir. The town is located on the shore of Lake Manasarovar. ... He was so moved by the sanctity of the lake that he burst into tears.

He became restless and forced himself to think positively. It was then that he met a man called Norbu, in a cafe. He was Tibetan, who worked in Beijing and was writing academic papers about the Kora to Mount Kailash. The author was relieved to meet Norbu as he was the ideal companion to do the Kora with.

This famous quote is from the chapter, The Ailing Planet by Nani Palkhiwals. This quote is of Lester Brown. Mr. Brown is appealing to the people of the world to care of the health of our planet and treat it respectfully so that it can be bequeathed to the coming generations in good condition. By this quote he means we are the responsible trustees of the world and have to hand it over to the coming generations in a very good condition – not as degraded and polluted planet.

Mr Edgar S. Woolard was the chairman of a famous industrial concern—Du Pont. Five years ago, he declared himself to be the company’s ‘Chief Environmental Officer’. He said that their continued existence as a leading manufacturer required that they excelled in environmental performance.

The growth of world population puts a severe strain on the earth’s principal biological systems. Due to excessive human claims these reach an unsustainable level where their productivity is damaged. Development is not possible if world population continues to grow so rapidly. Increasing population brings hunger, poverty and unemployment.

It is, indeed, a very sad state of affairs that in India, laws are neither respected nor enforced. There is a very well-written Constitution of India that covers all the aspects of the running of a country. Every day, the laws are made and reforms take place. But generally, Indians believe in breaking the laws or interpreting them according to their convenience. Take an e.g., dowry, child labour or female infanticide. There is a general apathy towards the system, which is required to enforce the law. There could be a lot of reasons behind this. Corruption is on the top. We, in India, know that everyone and everything is on sale. Second reason could be that, in our country, the course of justice takes a lot of time. We believe in the fact that, 'Justice delayed is justice denied'. So, there is a possibility that, here, people take law in their hands and try to meet their demands according to the way they want to.

48A. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country

Naturally, forests precede mankind. Forests were in existence much before the coming of man on this planet. It is also true that if forests disappear, deserts will follow. Felling of trees and clearing of forests is converting our grassland and croplands into wastelands and deserts.

Tropical forests are termed as the powerhouse of evolution because the survival of several species depends on these forests and without them, not only these species but also the ecological balance of the world will suffer.

This statement means that with growing population and rapid global development, the cost of food has touched new heights. Amazingly, the cost of cooking fuel has overtaken that of foodgrains, fish, meat, and vegetables. As a result, the fuel required to cook, such as gas, firewood, and electricity, now costs more than the raw food.

In large areas of the world, human claims on these systems are reaching an unsustainable level, a point where their productivity is being impaired. When this happens, fisheries collapse, forests disappear, grasslands are converted into barren wastelands, and croplands deteriorate.

The earth’s four biological systems - fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands - form the foundation of the global economic system. In addition to supplying our food, these four systems provide virtually all the raw materials for industry. Without it, none of our industries would survive, and the economy would collapse.

I fully agree with the view contained in the statement. There is every likelihood of such an eventuality occurring in future. There are solid reasons behind this apprehension. Our resources are limited. They will not last indefinitely if we go on consuming them indiscriminately. Fisheries, forests, grasslands and croplands form the basis of the global economic system. They supply us food and raw materials for industry. Increasing population has put a severe pressure on them. Excessive use of these resources have impaired their productivity. In large areas of the world these systems have reached an unsustainable level. The results are awful and disastrous.
The fisheries will collapse, forests disappear, grasslands will become barren wastelands and croplands will lose their fertility. Decimation of forests will increase dryness and heat and there will be less rainfall. Hence there is a possibility of the earth becoming an overheated place full of increasing deserts, poor landscapes and ailing environment in future.

According to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), sustainable development can be defined as “development strategy that meets the need of present generation without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.”

Edward Barbier, a renowned personality had also given the definition of sustainable development Sustainable development is one which is directly concerned with increasing the material standards of living of the poor at grass root level.

The earth’s vital signs tell a different story. They give dangerous signals. They reveal that this planet on which we live is no more a pleasant place. It is like a patient in declining health. Lester R. Brown points out that there are four principal biological systems in the world. They are fisheries, forests, grasslands and croplands. They form the foundation of the global economic system. But in most parts of the world human demands on these systems are reaching an unsustainable level. The earth and its environment shows all round degradation and deterioration. We are living on a sick planet.

Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without harming the interests of the future generations. It means that natural wealth and resources will be safeguarded to meet the needs of the future generations. Fisheries and forests shouldn’t be plundered. Human development may be such as may not convert grasslands and croplands into wastelands and deserts.

There has come a change in human perceptions. Man’s view is no longer a mechanistic one. He doesn’t consider this world to be a machine. He has evolved a holistic view. It is a comprehensive ecological view of this world. It is a revolutionary shift in the thinking of man. There is growing a worldwide consciousness that the earth itself is a living organism. It is an enormous being of which we are only parts. The world has its own metabolic needs. It has some vital processes. They need to be preserved and respected. It is becoming quite clear that the earth is an ailing planet. It is in declining health. It is our duty to save this planet for future generations.

The Green Movement is basically a movement to save this planet and its environment from degradation and deterioration. The movement has gripped the imagination of the entire human race. It started nearly 35 years ago. The world’s first Green Party was founded in 1972 in New Zealand. Since then, the movement has not looked back.