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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 9 months ago
Laws are generally passed to keep a check on unethical practices. They are the results of social pressures. When society considers a practice , unethical, it may exercise its influence to get that practice declared illegal. Ethics may be defined as the socially accepted standards of moral conduct, They constitute a set of principles or rules governing j behaviour. All the ethics cannot be given the shape of law, so ethics are broader than law.
Posted by Hrishav Bartwal 6 years, 9 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 9 months ago
mport procedure :
- Obtaining I.E.C. No. : Before starting the import procedure, the importer has to obtain an I.E.C. (Import-Export Code) number. This number is used in filling the formalities of import procedure, To get this number, the importer has to apply to 1 the regional Import-Export Licensing Authority in the prescribed form.
- Obtaining Registration Cum Membership Certificate (RCMC): Importers get various benefits in the form of subsidies and exemption in excise duty, tax, etc. To get these benefits, they have to show RCMC. After getting the I.E.C. number, the importer applies for RCMC. The RCMC is issued by:
(i) Import Promotion Council.
(ii) Federation of Indian Import Organisation.
(iii) Import Development Authority, etc.
Along with the application, the importer has to submit a bank certificate and IEC number. If the authority is satisfied, then they will issue RCMC. - Opening a letter of credit: better of credit is issued by the importer’s bank in favour of the exporter. In this letter, the bank undertakes guarantee for making payment on behalf of the importer. The importer approaches his bank and instructs the j bank to issue a letter of credit in favour of the exporter. The importer also instructs the bank about the documents to be collected from exporter before making payment.
- Arrival of goods : Goods are shipped by the exporter as per the specifications of the importer. When goods reach the importer’s country, the captain of the ship informs the dock officer and instructs him to receive the goods and record the details about the goods on the document called
’ import general manifest. This document gives details of about imported goods. - Informing importer : After the arrival of goods, the dock authorities inform the importer about the arrival of goods. The importer prepares a document called bill of entry which contains details about the imported goods and submits this document to the customs officer to get customs clearance.
- Customs clearance : The customs officer examines the bill of entry carefully and assesses the custom duty to be paid by the importer and after assessing the duty amount, the bill of entry is given to the appraiser officer who verifies the details given in the bill. If the appraiser officer is satisfied with the information given in bill of entry, then he returns the bill to the importer for making payment of custom duty
Posted by Minakshi Solanki 6 years, 9 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 9 months ago
The government company is a suitable form of organisation where
(i) Government wants to control a company in the private sector without nationalisation.
(ii) Government wants to go for a collaboration with private enterprise.
(iii) The projects require government planning and funds.
(iv) The government wishes to promote and develop a field of economic activities in the public sector.
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 9 months ago
| Meaning | Memorandum of Association is a document that contains all the fundamental information which are required for the incorporation of the company. | Articles of Association is a document containing all the rules and regulations that governs the company. |
| Defined in | Section 2 (56) | Section 2 (5) |
| Type of Information contained | Powers and objects of the company. | Rules of the company. |
| Status | It is subordinate to the Companies Act. | It is subordinate to the memorandum. |
| Retrospective Effect | The memorandum of association of the company cannot be amended retrospectively. | The articles of association can be amended retrospectively. |
| Major contents | A memorandum must contain six clauses. | The articles can be drafted as per the choice of the company. |
| Obligatory | Yes, for all companies. | A public company limited by shares can adopt Table A in place of articles. |
| Compulsory filing at the time of Registration | Required | Not required at all. |
| Alteration | Alteration can be done, after passing Special Resolution (SR) in Annual General Meeting (AGM) and previous approval of Central Government (CG) or Company Law Board (CLB) is required. | Alteration can be done in the Articles by passing Special Resolution (SR) at Annual General Meeting (AGM) |
| Relation | Defines the relation between company and outsider. | Regulates the relationship between company and its members and also between the members inter se. |
| Acts done beyond the scope | Absolutely void | Can be ratified by shareholders. |
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 9 months ago
The Memorandum of Association or MOA of a company defines the constitution and the scope of powers of the company. In simple words, the MOA is the foundation on which the company is built.
Shaina Rajput 6 years, 9 months ago
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Shaina Rajput 6 years, 9 months ago

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Mansi Asati 6 years, 9 months ago
2Thank You