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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 2 months ago
Modifications of stem
- For storage of food- Underground stems of potato, ginger, turmeric, zaminkand, Colocasia are modified to store food in them.
- For support- Tendrils which develop from axillary buds, are slender and spirally coiled and help plants to climb. Example- gourds
- For protection- Axillary buds of stems may also get modified into woody, straight and pointed thorns, which protect plants from browsing animals. Example- Citrus
- For photosynthesis- Some plants of arid regions modify their stems into flattened or fleshy cylindrical structures, which contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis. Example-
- For spread and vegetative propagation-
- Underground stems of some plants spread to new niches and when older parts die new plants are formed. Example- grass and strawberry.
- In some plants, a slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis and after growing aerially for some time arch downwards to touch the ground. Example- mint and jasmine
- A lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots is found in aquatic plants. Example- Pistia
- The lateral branches originate from the basal and underground portion of the main stem, grow horizontally beneath the soil and then come out obliquely upward giving rise to leafy shoots. Example- banana, pineapple.
Posted by Shanthamurthy Shanthamurthy 6 years, 2 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 5 months ago
Biological macromolecules are important cellular components and perform a wide array of functions necessary for the survival and growth of living organisms. The four major classes of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell.
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Harsh Mishra 6 years, 2 months ago
<i>Copulation</i> is an even more scientific way of saying "sexual intercourse." You can use this word to describe the sexual practices of both humans and animals. Zoologists need to make sure there is copulation among endangered animals such as pandas. Stray animals like cats engage in a lot of copulation, which is why there are so many cats. If your female dog is not fixed and copulates at the park, you might have puppies on the way soon.That's all.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
The Gram stain involves staining bacteria, fixing the color with a mordant, decolorizing the cells, and applying a counterstain. Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, so initially, all bacteria stain violet. Gram staining involves three processes: staining with a water-soluble dye called crystal violet, decolorization, and counterstaining, usually with safanin. Due to differences in the thickness of a peptidoglycan layer in the cell membrane between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria (with a thicker peptidoglycan layer) retain crystal violet stain during the decolorization process, while Gram negative bacteria lose the crystal violet stain and are instead stained by the safranin in the final staining process.
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Muskann Tiwari 6 years, 2 months ago
Muskann Tiwari 6 years, 2 months ago
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Unique Girl.. ? 6 years, 2 months ago
Unique Girl.. ? 6 years, 2 months ago
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Posted by Suchismita Mohanty 6 years, 3 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Meristematic tissues are growth tissues and found in the growing regions of the plant. According to their position in plant, meristems are apical, lateral and intercalary.
- Apical meristem - Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of stems and roots and increases the length of the stem and the root.
- Lateral meristem – Lateral meristems are found beneath the bark. The girth of the stem or root increases due to lateral meristem (cambium).
- Intercalary meristem - Intercalary meristem is the meristem at the base of the leaves or internodes (on either side of the node) on twigs. It increases the length of the organs such as leaves and internodes.

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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Importance of classification:
(i) It makes the study of such a wide variety of organisms easy.
(ii) It projects before us a good picture of all life forms at a glance.
(iii) It helps us understand the interrelationship among different groups of organisms.
(iv) It serves as a base for the development of other biological sciences such as biogeography etc.
(v) Various fields of applied biology such as agriculture, public health and environmental biology depends on classification of pests, disease vectors, pathogens and components of an ecosystem.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 3 months ago
Cycas is an evergreen plant that looks like a palm. It exhibits a phylogenetic relationship with pteridophyte. The evolutionary characters include:
- Shedding of seed when the embryo is immature.
- Slow growth.
- Monocyclic wood.
- Little secondary growth.
- Leaf-like megasporophylls.
- Circinate ptysix.
- Persistent leaf bases.
- Arrangement of microsporangia is well-defined archegonia.

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Ayush Mishra 6 years, 2 months ago
1Thank You