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Sia ? 4 years, 7 months ago
Chlorosis refers to the yellowing of plant parts, mainly leaves and veins. Yellow spots appear on the leaves, giving a mosaic pattern.
Necrosis occurs due to injuries or diseases. Furthermore, necrosis takes place as a result of nutrient deficiency.
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Sia ? 4 years, 6 months ago
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
| Gram-Positive bacteria | Gram-Negative bacteria |
| Cell Wall | |
| A single-layered, smooth cell wall | A double-layered, wavy cell-wall |
| Cell Wall thickness | |
| The thickness of the cell wall is 20 to 80 nanometres | The thickness of the cell wall is 8 to 10 nanometres |
| Peptidoglycan Layer | |
| It is a thick layer/ also can be multilayered | It is a thin layer/ often single-layered. |
| Teichoic acids | |
| Presence of teichoic acids | Absence of teichoic acids |
| Outer membrane | |
| The outer membrane is absent | The outer membrane is present (mostly) |
| Porins | |
| Absent | Occurs in Outer Membrane |
| Mesosome | |
| It is more prominent. | It is less prominent. |
| Morphology | |
| Cocci or spore-forming rods | Non-spore forming rods. |
| Flagella Structure | |
| Two rings in basal body | Four rings in basal body |
| Lipid content | |
| Very low | 20 to 30% |
| Lipopolysaccharide | |
| Absent | Present |
| Toxin Produced | |
| Exotoxins | Endotoxins or Exotoxins |
| Resistance to Antibiotic | |
| More susceptible | More resistant |
| Examples | |
| Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, etc. | Escherichia, Salmonella, etc. |
| Gram Staining | |
| These bacteria retain the crystal violet colour even after they are washed with acetone or alcohol and appear as purple-coloured when examined under the microscope after gram staining. | These bacteria do not retain the stain colour even after they are washed with acetone or alcohol and appear as pink-coloured when examined under the microscope after gram staining. |
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Ashish Soni 7 years, 5 months ago
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