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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Mast cell, tissue cell of the immune system of vertebrate animals. Mast cells mediate inflammatory responses such as hypersensitivity and allergic reactions. ... Upon stimulation by an allergen, the mast cells release the contents of their granules (a process called degranulation) into the surrounding tissues. Mast cells serve the same general functions in the body and central nervous system, such as effecting or regulating allergic responses, innate and adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Across systems, mast cells serve as the main effector cell through which pathogens can affect the gut–brain axis.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
| Direct development | Indirect development |
| In this type of development, embryo develops into a mature individual without involving a larval stage. | It this type of development, sexually-immature larval stage is present. |
| Metamorphosis is absent. | Metamorphosis is present. It involves development of larva to an adult. |
| It is seen in fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals. | It is seen in invertebrates and amphibians. |
Posted by Alyen Sharma 7 years, 3 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
The acid insoluble pool contains some macromolecular organic compounds like nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates. Exceptionally lipid which is a micromolecular compound is also found in the acid insoluble fraction as it forms globules. Other micromolecular compounds are found in the acid soluble fraction.
When a living tissue is ground in trichloroacetic acid, a thick slurry is formed as a result. Upon filtration of this slurry. We will get two fractions, the filtrate called as the acid soluble pool and the retentate known as the acid insoluble pool.
Both micromolecules and macromolecules can be found in both of the soluble and insoluble pools.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 3 months ago
The characteristic features of the phylum, Chordata, include the presence of a notochord and paired pharyngeal gill slits. In sub-phylum Vertebrata, the notochord present in embryos gets replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in adults. Thus, it can be said that all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
A layer of cells in the interior of leaves, consisting of loosely arranged, irregularly shaped cells that have chloroplasts. The spongy parenchyma has many spaces between cells to facilitate the circulation of air and the exchange of gases. It lies just below the palisade layer. Spongy tissue is a type of tissue found both in plants and animals. In plants, it is part of the mesophyll, where it forms a layer next to the palisade cells in the leaf. The spongy mesophyll's function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO2) that are needed for photosynthesis.
Posted by Ʌɐpɐʎ Ɐuɐɥsɹɐp . 7 years, 3 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Metabolic diversity mainly refers to the different metabolic strategies that organisms have evolved to obtain energy. An interesting property of some microorganisms is their metabolic versatility, which enables them to select their metabolic mode according to environmental conditions. The bacteria is known to have the most extensive metabolic diversity because it is able to extract energy from any carbohydrate which is in its reduced form like sugar. It does that as it has different compounds which have different inorganic or organic reduced electron compounds.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles that are part of the body's internal clock, running in the background to carry out essential functions and processes. One of the most important and well-known circadian rhythms is the sleep-wake cycle. In vertebrate animals, including humans, the master clock is a group of about 20,000 nerve cells (neurons) that form a structure called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN. The SCN is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus and receives direct input from the eyes.
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Sycon (sponge) possesses canal system and bear spicules.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
When the slightly digested food enters the food pipe, the walls of the oesophagus starts contraction and expansion movements called peristaltic movements which push the food into the stomach. Digestion does not take place in the oesophagus.
The glands present on the walls of the stomach secrete gastric juice that contains hydrochloric acid, the enzyme pepsin and mucus. A small amount of gastric lipase is also present that breaks down the fats present in the food. Gastric juice is acidic due to the presence of HCl which is necessary for the pepsin to become active and converts the proteins into peptones. The mucus protects the stomach walls from HCl. From the stomach, the partially digested food goes into the small intestine through sphincter muscle.
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