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Ask QuestionPosted by Shubhanshu Kalkhundiya 7 years, 5 months ago
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Posted by Arav Ashok 7 years, 5 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
The main characteristic feature that differentiates a monocot and a dicot leaf is that, the guard cells of stomata are kidney-shaped in dicot leaf and dumb-bell shaped in a monocot leaf. ... The vascular bundle is large in dicot leaf whereas in monocot leaf, both small and large vascular bundles are present.
<center>Difference Between Dicot Leaf and Monocot Leaf</center> |
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<center>Dicot Leaves</center>
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<center>Monocot Leaves</center>
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<center>Shape</center>
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Dicot plants have leaves that are relatively smaller and broader than monocot plants |
Monocot plants have leaves that are characteristically longer and slender |
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<center>Stomata</center>
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Stomata in dicot leaves are kidney-shaped |
Stomata in monocot leaves are dumb-bell shaped |
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<center>Arrangement of Stomata</center>
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Dicot leaves are hypostomatic – which means stomata are present on the lower surface of the leaf |
Monocot leaves are amphistomatic – which means the stomata are present on lower as well as the upper surface |
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<center>Nature of Orientation</center>
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Dorsoventral orientation |
Isobilateral orientation |
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<center>Leaf Surface Characteristics</center>
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Dicots leaves have a dark green upper surface and a light green lower surface |
No such differentiation. Both sides have the same colour. |
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<center>Size of Vascular Bundles</center>
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Large |
Small as well as large vascular bundles are present |
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<center>Intercellular Space</center>
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Due to the presence of mesophyll cells, dicot leaves have large intercellular spaces |
Monocot leaves have comparatively tighter intracellular space due to the compact arrangement of mesophyll cells |
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<center>Differentiation of Mesophyll</center>
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Differentiated into two parts – upper palisade and lower spongy mesophyll |
No such differentiation in a monocot leaf |
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<center>Venation Pattern</center>
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Reticulate venation (web-like pattern) |
Parallel venation (Veins do not join other veins) |
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<center>Characteristic of the Hypodermis of the Midrib</center>
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Collenchymatous |
Sclerenchymatous |
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<center>Bundle Sheath Extension</center>
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Parenchymatous |
Sclerenchymatous |
Posted by Namra Mazharkhan 7 years, 5 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 5 months ago
- Fluids can be defined as any substance which is capable of flowing.
- They don’t have any shape of their own.
- For example:-water which does not have its own shape but it takes the shape of the container in which it is poured.
Posted by Anaveer Vishwakarma 7 years, 5 months ago
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Ʌɐpɐʎ Ɐuɐɥsɹɐp . 7 years, 5 months ago
Isha Bhardwaj 7 years, 5 months ago
Ʌɐpɐʎ Ɐuɐɥsɹɐp . 7 years, 5 months ago
Ʌɐpɐʎ Ɐuɐɥsɹɐp . 7 years, 5 months ago
Yogita Ingle 7 years, 5 months ago
Male Reproductive System: The male reproductive system of cockroach consists of a pair of testes. The testes lie on each lateral side in the 4th – 6th abdominal segments. A thin vas deferens arises from each testis. It opens into ejaculatory duct through seminal vesicle. The ejaculatory duct opens into male gonopore which is situated ventral to ****. A typical mushroom-shaped gland is present in the 6th-7th abdominal segments. It is an accessory reproductive gland. Male gonapophysis or phallomeres represent the external genitalia. These are made up of chitin. They are asymmetrical structures and surround the male gonopore. The sperms are stored in the seminal vesicles. The sperms are glued together in the form of bundles called spermatophores. Spermatophores are discharged during copulation.
Female Reproductive System: The female reproductive system of cockroach consists of two large ovaries. The ovaries lie laterally in the 2nd – 6th abdominal segments. Each ovary is formed of a group of eight ovarian tubules or ovarioles. They contain a chain of developing ova. Oviducts from each ovary unite into a single median oviduct. This is also called ****** and it opens into the genital chamber. A pair of spermatheca is present in the 6th segment which opens into the genital chamber.
Fertilization: Sperms are transferred through spermatophores. The fertilized eggs are encased in capsules; called ootheca. An ootheca is a dark reddish to blackish brown capsule. It is about 8 mm long. The oothecae are dropped or glued to a suitable surface; usually at a place with high relative humidity or near a food source. On an average, 9 – 10 ootehcae are produced by a female. Each ootheca contains 14 – 16 eggs. Development is indirect and is paurometabolous. Development through nymph stage is called paurometabolous. The nymph resembles the adults. The nymph grows by moulting about 13 times to reach the adult form. Wing pads are seen in the penultimate stage of development but wings are present only in adults.
Posted by Krish Jain 7 years, 5 months ago
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Ayush Kumar Singh 7 years, 5 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Diffusion can occur across partialy permeable membranes, such as those surrounding cells. Therefore, diffusion is involved in the movement of important molecules into and out of cells. It is important for the uptake of substances needed by cells, and also the removal of waste products produced by the cells. The diffusion of chemicals and gases in and out of cells is an essential activity in human organs. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas occurs in the lungs. Diffusion of water, salts, and waste products occurs in the kidneys. Diffusion of calcium from food into cells occurs in the intestines.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 5 months ago
| Prokaryotic cells | Eukaryotic cells |
| 1. They have no nuclear membrane. Thus well defined nucleus is absent. They have nucleoid. | 1. They have well defined nucleus bounded by double nuclear membrane. |
| 2. Nucleolus is absent. | 2. Nucleolus is present. |
| 3. They have one chromosome. | 3. They have a number of chromosomes. |
| 4. No histone protein around DNA. | 4. Histone protein is present around DNA. |
| 5. Ribosomes are of 70S. | 5. Ribosomes are of 80S. |
| 6. No streaming movement of cytoplasm. | 6. Cytoplasm exhibits streaming movements. |
| 7. E.R. is absent. | 7. E.R. is present. |
Posted by Areeba Naj 7 years, 5 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
A single chemical reaction is said to be autocatalytic if one of the reaction products is also a catalyst for the same or a coupled reaction. Such a reaction is called an autocatalytic reaction. A <i>set</i> of chemical reactions can be said to be "collectively autocatalytic" if a number of those reactions produce, as reaction products, catalysts for enough of the other reactions that the entire set of chemical reactions is self-sustaining given an input of energy and food molecules.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Every drug is different. Some substances — alcohol and opioids among the most popular — give way to significant withdrawal symptoms, such as sweating or nausea. Other substances, such as cocaine and marijuana, often produce emotional symptoms, from irritability to depression.
These manifestations can last a few days to a few months. The severity can range from mild and uncomfortable to chronic and life-threatening, based on the person’s age, physical and psychological characteristics, duration of use and the type of drug.
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Arundhamizh Navilan 7 years, 5 months ago
1Thank You