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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer or mallet. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. First, sound waves enter the external acoustic meatus, or ear canal, and vibrate the tympanic membrane that is located at the end of this canal. On the opposite side of the tympanic membrane, the medial side, the malleus is attached with its handle. This is where a series of movements of the auditory ossicles begins.
Posted by Janvi Dahre 7 years, 2 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Visual information from the retina is relayed through the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to the primary visual cortex — a thin sheet of tissue (less than one-tenth of an inch thick), a bit larger than a half-dollar, which is located in the occipital lobe in the back of the brain. The occipital lobe, known as the visual processing center, contains the visual cortex. Similar to the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe receives information from the retina and then uses past visual experiences to interpret and recognize the stimuli.
Posted by Janvi Dahre 7 years, 2 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Sensory neurons are nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from the organism's environment into internal electrical impulses. For example, some sensory neurons respond to tactile stimuli and can activate motor neurons in order to achieve muscle contraction. A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception.
Posted by Thakur Digvijay Rana 7 years, 2 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 2 months ago
Pace maker is a neuro muscular structure which produces and regulates cardiac impulses. Natural pacemaker is sino-atrial node (SA node).
The SAN is a patch of cardiac musculature tissue present in the right upper corner of the right atrium. It has the ability to generate action potentials without any external stimuli, i.e., it is autoexcitable. The SAN can generate the maximum number of action potentials, i.e., 70-75 min–1, and is responsible for initiating and maintaining the rhythmic contractile activity of the heart.
Posted by Vishal Prajapati 7 years, 2 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 2 months ago
| Typical Vertebrae | Atypical Vertebrae |
| Typical Vertebrae are the vertebrae whose structure depicts the typical anatomy of a vertebra. | Atypical Vertebrae are the vertebrae with modified structures due to their function and position. |
| Out of the seven cervical vertebrae, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 are typical vertebrae which posses basic anatomic structure of a vertebra. | Out of the seven cervical vertebrae, C1 (atlas), C2 (axis) and C7 (vertebra prominens) are atypical vertebrae. Moreover, C1 vertebra lacks spinous process |
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 2 months ago
- Functions of Essential Amino Acids
- Phenylalanine helps in maintaining a healthy nervous system and in boosting the memory power.
- Valine acts as an important component in promoting the muscle growth.
- Threonine helps in promoting the functions of the immune system.
- Isoleucine plays a vital role in the formation of hemoglobin, stimulating the pancreas to synthesize insulin, and in transporting oxygen from the lungs to the various parts.
- Methionine is used in the treatment of kidney stones, maintaining healthy skin and also used in controlling invade of pathogenic bacteria.
- Leucine is involved in promoting the protein synthesis and growth hormones.
- Histidine is involved in many enzymatic processes and in the synthesizing of both red blood cells (erythrocyte) and white blood cells (leukocytes).
- Functions of Non-Essential Amino Acids
- Alanine functions by removing toxins from our body and in the production of glucose and other amino acids.
- Cysteine acts as an antioxidant provides resistance to our body and inhibits the growth of hairs, nails, etc.
- Glutamine promotes a healthy brain function and is necessary for the synthesis of nucleic acids – DNA and RNA.
- Glycine is helpful in maintaining the proper cell growth, its function and it also plays a vital role in healing wounds. It acts as a neurotransmitter.
- Glutamic acid acts as a neurotransmitter and is mainly involved in the development and functioning of a human brain.
- Arginine helps in promoting the synthesis of proteins and hormones, detoxification of the kidneys, in healing wounds, and in maintaining a healthy immune system.
- Serine helps in promoting muscle growth and in the synthesis of immune system proteins.
- Asparagine is mainly involved in the transportation of nitrogen into our body cells, formations of purines and pyrimidine for the synthesis of DNA, in the development of the nervous system and in improving our body stamina.
- Aspartic acid plays a major role in metabolism and in promoting the synthesis of other amino acids.
Posted by Shreya Roy 7 years, 2 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 2 months ago
Osmosis is the process in which solvent molecules moves through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until the amount of fluid is equalised on both sides of the semipermeable membrane.
The fluid that passes through the semipermeable membrane is known as the solvent, while the dissolved substance in the fluid is known as the solute. The mixture of solvent and solute makes up a solution.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
In the mid-1800s, German chemist Justus von Liebig was one of the first to recognize that the body derived energy from the oxidation of foods recently eaten, and also declared that it was carbohydrates and fats that served to fuel the oxidation-not carbon and hydrogen as Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier had thought. The carbohydrates we use as foods have their origin in the photosynthesis of plants. They take the form of sugars, starches, and cellulose. The name carbohydrate means "watered carbon" or carbon with attached water molecules.
Posted by Parul . 7 years, 2 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
In Open vascular Bundles, Phloem and xylem are not in direct contact with each other and contains an interfascicular cambium in between phloem and xylem.. In Closed Vascular Bundles, there is direct contact between phloem and xylem and Interfascicular cambium is absent. Open vascular bundles are the characteristic of dicotyledons (dicots). The cambium present between xylem and phloem is called FASCICULAR CAMBIUM. In closed vascular bundles, the cambium will be absent (fascicular cambium absent) and they do not show secondary growth (closed for secondary growth).
Posted by Krishna Baghel 7 years, 2 months ago
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Sangita Agrawal 7 years, 2 months ago
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Ritu Thapliyal 7 years, 2 months ago
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