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Maitri Patel?☺?? 7 years ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
According to the Chemiosmotic Hypothesis, in photosynthesis, ATP synthesis is linked to development of proton (H+) gradient across thylakoid membranes. The chemiosmotic hypothesis was proposed by Peter Mitchell. This hypothesis stated that a proton-motive force was responsible for driving the synthesis of ATP. In this hypothesis, protons would be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane as electrons went through the electron transfer chain.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
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Epithelium type |
Characteristics |
Shape of cells |
Function |
|
Squamous |
It is made up of thin, flat and irregular-shaped cells. It forms the delicate lining of cavities (mouth, oesophagus, nose, etc.) and blood vessels.
|
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It protects the underlying parts of body from mechanical injury, entry of germs, chemicals and drying.
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Cuboidal |
It consists of cube-like cells. These are found in kidney tubules, thyroid vesicles and in glands. |
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It helps in absorption, secretion and excretion. It also provides mechanical support. |
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Columnar |
It consists of cells which are taller than broader i.e. pillar-like. It forms the lining of stomach, small intestine and colon. |
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Its main function includes absorption and secretion. |
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Ciliated |
They are cubical or columnar cells with cilia. These are found in sperm ducts and line the trachea, bronchi, kidney tubules and oviducts. |
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The rhythmic, concerted beating of the cilia moves solid particles in one direction through the ducts. |
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Glandular |
The columnar epithelium is modified to form glands which secrete chemicals. |
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Its main function is secretion. |
Posted by Pallav Tabiyad 7 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
Monographs: it includes detailed information of one taxon which may be a family, order, genus etc. They include all already known species within a group and also add any newly discovered species in that particular group. It also mentions all information on the species e.g. their geographic distributions, morphological and anatomical feature etc.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Imbibition is a special type of diffusion when water is absorbed by solids-colloids causing an enormous increase in volume. ... Imbibition is also diffusion since water surface potential movement is along a concentration gradient; the seeds and other such materials have almost no water hence they absorb water easily. When a seed absorbs water, it is called imbibition. Water enters the seed either through a tiny opening in the seed called the micropyle or through the seed coat. ... The scarred seed coat is permeable, allowing water to pass through and germination to begin. Other seeds require cold temperatures before they can germinate.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Some plants of arid regions modify their stems into flattened {Opuntia), or fleshy cylindrical {Euphorbia) structures. These modified stems of indefinite growth are called phylloclades. They contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis. Some plants of arid Condition modify their stems into fleshy flattened (Opuntia ) , fleshy cylindrical (Euphorbia ) or needle like (Casuarina) green structures that help in photosynthesis are called phylloclades.
Posted by Māšťĕř Jï 7 years, 1 month ago
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Mohd Danish 7 years, 1 month ago
Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
- Cilia and flagella are cell organelles that are structurally similar but are differentiated based on their function and/or length.
- Cilia and flagella are both auxiliary parts of living cells.
- They can both be used for movement.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
- It is part of embryonal axis in cotyledonary nodes and radicals.
- In epigeal germination, hypocotyl elongated so that cotyledons come out of soil.
- The terminal end of hypocotyl is radicle.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Amylase and lipase are key digestive enzymes. Amylase helps your body break down starches. Lipase helps your body digest fats. The pancreas is a glandular organ that sits behind the stomach and produces digestive juices that empty into the small intestine. Lipase has higher sensitivity than amylase in diagnosing acute pancreatitis. Various studies and evidence-based guidelines recommend lipase as the only diagnostic marker. Eliminating co-ordering of both amylase and lipase will provide a significant cost reduction.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
In metaphase, the microtubules of the spindle (white) have attached and the chromosomes have lined up on the metaphase plate. The chromosomes coil up, the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate, and the centrosomes begin moving apart. Spindle fibers form and sister chromatids align to the equator of the cell. Sister chromatids separate. During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles of the cell. Anaphase A is characterized by the shortening of kinetochore microtubules, which pulls the chromosomes toward the poles. During anaphase B, the two poles move farther apart, bringing the chromosomes with them into what will become the two daughter cells.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Meristematic tissues are growth tissues and found in the growing regions of the plant. According to their position in plant, meristems are apical, lateral and intercalary.
- Apical meristem - Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of stems and roots and increases the length of the stem and the root.
- Lateral meristem – Lateral meristems are found beneath the bark. The girth of the stem or root increases due to lateral meristem (cambium).
- Intercalary meristem - Intercalary meristem is the meristem at the base of the leaves or internodes (on either side of the node) on twigs. It increases the length of the organs such as leaves and internodes.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
The perisperm is the nutritive tissue of a seed derived from the nucellus and deposited external to the embryo sac —distinguished from endosperm. Some examples of perispermic seeds are Sugar beet, coffee, and black pepper. A layer of nutritive tissue in the seed of certain flowering plants that is derived from the nucellus and surrounds the embryo. (biology) The layer of nutritive tissue, derived from the nucellus, that surrounds the embryo of a seed in some angiosperms.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Hormogonia are motile filaments of cells formed by some cyanobacteria in the order Nostocales and Stigonematales. They are formed during vegetative reproduction in unicellular, filamentous cyanobacteria, and some may contain heterocysts and akinetes.
Cyanobacteria differentiate into hormogonia when exposed to an environmental stress or when placed in new media.
Hormogonium differentiation is crucial for the development of nitrogen-fixing plant cyanobacteria symbioses, in particular that between cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc and their hosts. In response to a hormogonium-inducing factor (HIF) secreted by plant hosts, cyanobacterial symbionts differentiate into hormogonia and then dedifferentiate back into vegetative cells after about 96 hours. Hopefully, they have managed to reach the plant host by this time. The bacteria then differentiate specialized nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocysts and enter into a working symbiosis with the plant.
Depending on species, Hormogonia can be many hundreds of micrometers in length and can travel as fast as 11 μm/s. They move via gliding motility, requiring a wet-able surface or a viscous substrate, such as agar for motion.
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Sarika Pandey 7 years, 1 month ago
1Thank You