Prudential Reasons
(1) Prudential reasons are based on careful calculation of gains and losses.
(2) These reasons help to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
(3) Reservation of constituencies for minorities and women in India is a prudential reason.

BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money) is a mobile app developed by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), based on the Unified Payment Interface (UPI). It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, at Digi Dhan mela at Talkatora Stadium in New Delhi on 30 December 2016.

The First World war had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey.And there were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman Emperor-the spiritual head of the Islamic world(the Khalifa).To defend the Khalifa's temporal powers,a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of united mass action on the issue.Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring muslims under the umbrella of a united national movement.He started a non cooperation movement in support of Khalifa which was known as khilafat movement.

• The aristocracy is a social class that a particular society considers its highest order.
• They are usually below only the monarch in its social hierarchy.
• They enjoyed priviliges and rights in te society.
• Aristrocracy owned vast amount of land and were rich.
• They exploited peasants by forcing them to work for them through debts.
• Peasantry were agriculture farmers who were engage in farming.
• They were poor and came under lowest status in society.
• Sometimes they also hold small portion of land in their name.

A hydraulic structure is a structure submerged or partially submerged in any body of water, which disrupts the natural flow of water. They can be used to divert, disrupt or completely stop the flow. An example of a hydraulic structure would be a dam, which slows the normal flow rste of the river in order to power turbines. A hydraulic structure can be built in rivers, a sea, or any body of water where there is a need for a change in the natural flow of water.So any three dams would be examples of hydraulic structure of the modern India.

The real success of Federalism in India can be attributed to the nature of democratic politics in our country.

The creation of linguistic states was the first and a major test for democratic politics in our country.

The second test for Indian federation is the language policy.Our constitiution did not give the status of national language to any one language.

Restructuring the centre and state relations is one more way in which federalism has been strenghtened in practice.

When power is shared among different organs of the government,such as legislature,executive and judiciary.

This form of power sharing is called horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level and exercise different powers.None of the organ can exercise unlimited powers and each organ checks the others.

This results in balance of power among various institutions.

Horizontal Power sharing
1. Under the horizontal power sharing power is shared among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
2. Under horizontal distribution of power, organs of the government are placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
3. Under horizontal each organ checks the other.

Per capita income, also known as income per person, is the mean income of the people in an economic unit such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate (such as GDP or Gross national income) and dividing it by the total population.

Mahatma Gandhiji returned to India in January 1915.

Comopnents of economy are called sectors.Sectors of economy can be classified on different citerias like ownership,term of employment or economic activities.

National Bank For Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD) 

Merits of dams:

Impound rivers and rainwater that can be later used to irrigate agricultural fields.

Generating electricity

Supplying water for domestic and industrial uses.

Flood control,recreation,inland navigation and fish breeding.