In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the 'guls' or 'kuls' of the Western Himalayas for agriculture.

The major iron ore belts in India are:
(i) Odisha-Jharkhand belt: In Odisha high grade haematite ore is found in
Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. In the
adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand haematite iron ore is mined in Gua
and Noamundi.
(ii) Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Very
high grade haematites are found in the famous Bailadila range of hills in the
Bastar district of Chattisgarh. The range of hills comprise of 14 deposits of
super high grade haematite from ore. It has the best physical properties needed
for steel making. Iron ore from these mines is exported to Japan and South
Korea via Vishakapatnam port.
(iii) Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Turnkur belt in Karnataka has large
reserves of iron ore. The Kudermukh mines located in the Western Ghatas of
Karnataka are a 100 per cent export unit. Kudremukh deposits are known to
be one of the largest in the world. The ore is transported as slurry through a
pipeline to a port near Mangalore.
(iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of
Maharashtra. Though, the ores are not of very high quality, yet they are
efficiently exploited iron ore is exported through Mormugao port

Despite being overcrowded and difficult living conditions, Bombay appear to many as Mayanagari or a city of dreams.
(i) Thousands of people came here every year looking for a bright career in film industry. Bombay films have contributed in a big way to produce an image of the city as a blend of dream and reality of slums and stars bungalows.
(ii) The first movie was made in 1896. Soon after Dadasaheb Phalke made Raja Harishchandra (1913). After that there was no turning back.
(iii) By 1925 Bombay had become India’s film capital producing films for the national audience. Millions of rupees were invested and by 1987 the film industry employed 520,000 people.

French citizens living in Vietnam called colons feared that they might lose their
jobs to the educated Vietnamese. So, they opposed policies that would give the
Vietnamese full access to French education.
There was another problem for the French in the sphere of education. The elites
in Vietnam were powerfully influenced by Chinese culture. To consolidate their
power, the French had to counter this Chinese influence. So, they systematically
dismantled educational system and established French schools for the
Vietnamese. But this was not easy. Chinese, the language used by the elites so
far, had to be replaced with Vietnamese or French.
There were two opinions in this regard. Some were in favour of the French
language as the medium of instruction. Others were opposed to French being the
only medium of instruction. They suggested that Vietnamese be taught in lower
classes and French in the higher classes.
But this was opposed when introduced in schools. As the numbers of Vietnamese
teachers increased in the lower classes, it became difficult to control what was
actually taught. While teaching, vietnamese teachers quietly modified the text
and criticised what was stated

Overlapping differences

1. When some social difference overlaps other difference it is called overlapping social difference.

2. Overlapping differences is the mixture of one or more differences caused by one main difference. Situations of this kind produce social divisions, when one kind of social difference becomes more important than the other and people start feeling that they belong to different communities.racial or linguistic differences may lead to economic differences. It is not easy to accommodate and even created deep social divisions and tensions.

Cross-cutting differences

 1.If social differences cross-cut one another,it is difficult to pit one group of people against other.

2. It means that a group that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be on different sides on a different issue. In here, it is easy to accommodate and no tensions.

Self-help group is a village-based financial intermediary committee usually composed of 10–200 local women or men.Benifits of SHG's are:

Members also make small regular savings contributions over a few months until there is enough money in the group to begin lending.

Funds may then be lent back to the members or to others in the village for any purpose.

In India, many SHGs are 'linked' to banks for the delivery of micro-credit.