Pressure groups do not aim to form or run the government. When people of common occupation, interest aspirations or opinions come together; in order to achieve a common objective; they form pressure groups. These pressure groups carry on popular movements in order to meet their objectives. It is not necessary that all the pressure groups go on creating popular movements rather many of them work in closely knit groups.

Some examples of popular movements in India are: Narmada Bachao Andolan, Movement for Right to Information, Anti-liquor Movement, Women’s Movement, Environmental Movement.

Swadeshi means something manufactured in one's own country or something that is indigenous in nature. Thus the flag manufactured in one's own country is the swadeshi flag.
Swaraj means self rule. It is the combination of the Hindi words "swa" which means self and "raj" which means rule. That is the very essence of democracy, of the people,by the people and for the people.Thus the flag which gives the idea of self rule or that what we called as freedom is the Swaraj Flag.

Geostationary - A geosynchronous orbit around Earth at 35,786 km above the equator, so that it remains stationary as seen from Earth.
Geosynchronous orbits, which are not geostationary, can be 'circular and inclined to equator' OR can be 'elliptical with any inclination'.
 

A shelterbeltis a plantation usually made up of one or more rows of trees or shrubs planted in such a manner as to provide shelter from the wind and to protect soil from erosion. They are commonly planted around the edges of fields on farms. If designed properly, windbreaks around a home can reduce the cost of heating and cooling and save energy.

Bewar is a town and a nagar panchayat in Mainpuri district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is primitive form of cultivation is called Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya Pradesh.

The relationship between religion and politics can be established by setting up the following
Constitutional provisions:
. There is no official religion. The Indian Constitution does not give special status to any religion.
. The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise . and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
. At the same time, the Constitution allows the state to intervene in matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities.

Through the 17th and 18th centuries literacy rates went up in most parts of Europe, and by the end of 18th century it was as high as 60 to 80 per cent. As literacy rates went up , there was a virtual reading mania. Reading mania had increased the demand for books and which had lead to the increase in demand for the print.

Growth of nationalism in colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement. The British government in  India had for the first time unified the administration of India politically, and economically. This had been done by the railways and telegraph system .The atrocities of the government had adversely impacted all classes of Indian society. There were political associations and the socio-political leaders worked towards reformation and revival of Indian culture  which was being dominated under the Western culture. Hence, the anti colonial feelings coloured the national movement in India.

Gandhi ji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages:

• 1st Stage: Surrender of titles that the government awarded.
• 2nd Stage: Boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods.
• 3rd Stage: Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.

Following were the objectives of the Non-cooperation Movement:

1. Attainment of self government within the British Empire if possible and outside if necessary.
2. Cancelling of the Rowlatt Act and compelling the British administration to accept its fault regarding government action in Punjab, particularly in Amritsar.
3. Compelling the British government to adopt a lenient attitude towards the Sultan of Turkey and restoring of his prior status.

The Congress of Vienna (German: Wiener Kongress) was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrianstatesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other and remain at peace. The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or revolution, both of which threatened to upset the status quo in Europe. France lost all its recent conquests while Prussia, Austria and Russia made major territorial gains. Prussia added smaller German states in the west, Swedish Pomerania and 60% of the Kingdom of Saxony; Austria gained Venice and much of northern Italy. Russia gained parts of Poland. The new Kingdom of the Netherlands had been created just months before, and included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830 became Belgium.

The business classes supported the Civil Disobedience Movement when it was first launched. They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods. Most businessmen came to see Swaraj, as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist and trade and industry would flourish without constraints . But after the failure of the Round Table Conference, business groups were no longer uniformly enthusiastic. So, when the movement was re launched by Gandhi ji, most of them withdrew their support. They were apprehensive of the spread of militant activities and worried about prolonged disruption of business.

1. Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary. This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated water that needs treatment.
2. Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don't throw paints, oils or other forms of litter down the drain.
3. Use environmentally household products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agents and toiletries.
4. Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will prevent runoffs of the material into nearby water sources.