The limits of the Civil Disobedience Movement were-   
1. The Congress ignore the dalits and the depressed classes in order to please the high caste Hindus. Hence, the participation of the depressed classes was Limited.   
2. The Congress was associated with the Hindu related Nationalist groups. So, the Muslim participation was less.   
3. There was distrust between the communities alienated by the Congress. Large sections of Muslims did not respond to the civil disobedience movement.   
4. The rich peasants were disappointed when the civil disobedience movement was called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being revised.   
5. The Congress was closer to and supported the business class due to which the industrial working class did not participate in the movement.

 Limitation of National Non-cooperation movement
Nnon-cooperation was basically imposed by mahatma Ghand and Muhammad ali for peace and dignity worldwide.it was supposed to be non-violent,but as studied we saw that this non-cooperAtion movement lead to disintegration and violence all around.so limitations probably can be inspite being together we were departed,the way congress wanted to implement non  cooperation and swarj meant different to different people and thus it lead to conflicts

The factors that determine the outcome of politics of social divisions are-
1- People's perceptions :- this is the most important factor that decides the outcome of politics of social division. if the people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms then it will lead to social division and violence.
2- Raising the demands by political leaders:- the outcome of polics also depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. it is easier to accommodate demands that are within the Constitutional framework.
3- Reaction of government :- the outcome of politics of social division also depend on reaction of government. that how the government reacts to the demand of different groups.

The Republic of India has a huge Constitution to maintain the country.
But there is indeed political brats in each and every political party. Politics has become a polite trick, trick to deceive people of India. Something is shown in the front and something else is in the backyard. Like they are wearing masks.
No one is on the right direction, but seems right though. Corrupted minds, needy people, selfish individuals are making the country down-to-earth.
That's why I think even after so many years of democracy, India still faces challenges in holding Elections.

The Republic of India has a huge Constitution to maintain the country.
But there is indeed political brats in each and every political party. Politics has become a polite trick, trick to deceive people of India. Something is shown in the front and something else is in the backyard. Like they are wearing masks.
No one is on the right direction, but seems right though. Corrupted minds, needy people, selfish individuals are making the country down-to-earth.
That's why I think even after so many years of democracy, India still faces challenges in holding Elections.

Literacy rate: According to 2011 census, women literacy rate is only 65.46
and 82.14 when compared to men in India. In rural areas and some percent in the
cities, parents do not send girls to schools because they prefer spending on boys’
education and to their daughters.

Unpaid work: It is noted that women are paid less when compared to men,
even if women work extra hours a day. Thus women’s work is not valued and paid
fully.

*** ratio: In many parts of India abortion of girl child takes place
leading to decline in the child *** rate. It is observed that there are only
940 girl child for 1000 boys.

Domestic violence: Both urban and rural areas come across women being harassed and exploited. They are not safe in their own house from domestic violence

Chap 2 Geo Deleted. 

Geo  pg 44 to 47 deleted. 

Chap 5 Civics only for project work not in exms. 

Check in the app of mycbseguide. You ll get syllabus.

Communalism : It means attempts to promote religious ideas
between groups of people which are identified as different communities. 

Communalism can take various forms in politics : 

(i) The most common expression of communalism is in everyday
beliefs. These routinely involve religious prejudices, stereotype of religious
communities and belief in the superiority of one's religion over other
religions. This is so common that we often fail to notice it, even when we
believe in it. 

(ii) A communal mind often leads to a quest for political
dominance of one's own religious community. For those belonging to majority
community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging
to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate
political unit. 

(iii) Political mobilisation on religious lines is another
frequent form of communalism. This involves the use of sacred symbols,
religious leaders, emotional appeal and plain fear in order to bring the
followers of one religion together in the political arena. 

(iv) Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre. 

On February 5, 1922, in the Chauri Chaura,  after violent clashes between the local police and the protesters in  which three protesters were killed by police firing, the police station was set on fire by the mob, killing 22 of the police occupants.
Gandhi felt that the revolt was veering off-course, and was  disappointed that the revolt had lost its non-violent nature. He did not  want the movement to degenerate into a contest of violence, with police  and angry mobs attacking each other back and forth, victimizing  civilians in between. Gandhi appealed to the Indian public for all  resistance to end, went on a fast lasting 3 weeks, and called off the  mass non-cooperation movement.

Do Chapter three throughly . Compulsary question will come from chp 3.

Also map work will come from ch 3 .

In rest chaps do all the question asked in boards. 

The two provinces, Nghe An and Ha Tinh were called the electrical fuses in vietanam because they were the first to be adversely affected during any uprisal or protest against the French.

The Great Depression of the 1930s had a profound impact on Vietnam. The prices of rubber and rice fell, leading to rising rural debts, unemployment and rural uprisings, such as in the provinces of Nghe An and Ha Tinh. These provinces were among the poorest, had an old radical tradition and have been called the ‘electrical fuses’ of Vietnam.
When the system was under pressure they were the first to blow. The French put these uprisings down with great severity, even used planes to bomb demonstrators.

Proto-industrialisation refers to first or early form of industrialisation. Even before the factories came up in England and Europe, there was large-scale industrial production for an international market, not based on factories. This phase of industrialisation is referred to as proto-industrialisation.

Proto- industrialisation production helped the farmers in the following ways-

• Poor farmers started working for merchants as at that time open fields were disappearing and commons were being enclosed.
• Poor peasants who had earlier depended on common lands had to now look for alternative sources of income.So when the merchants come around offered advances to the poor farmers to produce goods for them.
• Due to this the poor farmers could be able to remain in the countryside and continue to cultivate their small plots.
• Proto- Industrialisation production supplemented the shrinking income of poor farmers through cultivation.
• This system also allowed them a fuller use of their family labour resources.

Proto-industrialisation refers to a phase of industrialisation which was not based on factories. Even before factories began to appear, there was large-scale industrial production for international market.
(i) In the 17th and 18th centuries merchants in Europe began to move to the countryside. They gave money to peasants and artisans to produce for an international market. The demands of goods had increased due to colonisation and the resultant expansion of trade. Merchants could not increase production in towns due to the monopoly and power of the crafts and trade guilds. They had the monopoly to produce certain goods and did not allow the entry of new competitors. The guilds were associations of producers that trained crafts-
people, maintained control over production, and regulated prices.
(ii) The peasants and farmers started working for the merchants. At this time open fields were disappearing and the poor farmers were looking to new avenues of livelihood. Merchants offered advances to produce goods to them which the peasants eagerly accepted. They could stay in the countryside and continue to cultivate their small lands. Proto-industralisation added to their shrinking income.
(iii) The proto-industrial system became a network of commercial exchanges. A merchant clothier purchased wool from a wool stapler, carried it to the spinners, weavers took up the later stages of weaving, and later fullers and dyers stepped in. The finishing of the cloth was done in London before the export merchant sold it to the international market. At every stage of production 20 to 25 workers were employed by each merchant, with each clothier thus controlling hundreds of workers.