The rowlatt act was passed in 1919

Excuse me this is a question

1919

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“Coming together federation” involves:
(i) the central government to become more powerful.
(ii) Independent states coming together on their own to form bigger unit.
(iii) Constituent units have unequal powers.

Caste discrimination is to discriminate people on the basis of there caste. where they have born and lives and which caste there parent belong to.

Independent states come together on their own to form a bigger unit, it is known as Coming together federalism.

Example: India and Spain

USA,Australia

(i) Constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in our country. It has also increased women’s representation and voice in our democracy.
(ii) Actually the new system of local government is the largest experiment in democracy conducted anywhere in the world.
(iii) Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and OBC.
All these features strengthen the very aspect of our democracy.

Print culture helped in developing a culture of dialogue among people. Ideas of social reform could be spread in a better way. Gandhiji spread his ideas of swadeshi in a powerful way through newspapers.

Print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India in the following ways:

(i) Many vernacular newspapers began to be published in India, carried nationalist feelings. They reported on colonial misrule and encouraged nationalist activities. These helped in spreading the message of nationalism to the majority of the Indian masses. Even in spite of repressive measures print culture was a revolution which could not be stopped.

(ii) Attempts to throttle nationalist criticism provoked militant protest. This, in turn, led to a renewed cycle to persecution and protests.

(iii) When Punjabi revolutionaries were deported in 1907, Bal Gangadhar Tilak wrote with great sympathy about them in his Kesari. This led to his imprisonment in 1908, provoking, in turn, widespread protests all over India.

Thus print culture played very important role in spreading nationalistic feelings among people in the early 20th century.

“The power sharing” arrangements in our country is mainly based on the quasi federal nature of federation. The Indian constitution provided a “three fold distribution” of legislative powers between the union government and the state government known as ‘Three List System’.

1. Union List
2. State List
3. Concurrent List
   (i) Union list—‘Union list’ contains 97 subjects of national importance.
   • The union legislature legislates the subjects of union list.
   • Defence,foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency are examples of the union list.
   (ii) **State list—**State list contains 66 subjects of local importance’.
   • The state legislature assembly legislates on the subjects of state legislature.
   • Police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation.
   (iii) **Concurrent List—**Concurrent List contains 47 subjects which are important for both the union and state government.
   • On the concurrent list subject both union and the state legislature can legislate but in the case of conflict only union law prevails.
   • Subjects like, education, forests, trade unions, marriages, adoption and succession are the examples of concurrent list.

Give three example of coming together federation

Two types

Mahatma Gandhi discovered salt was a common ingredient in the food of both rich and poor. He viewed the tax on salt and the monopoly of the Government on its production as downright oppressive.
On 31st January 1930, he sent a letter to Lord Irwin stating eleven wide ranging demands of various classes of India. The launch of Civil Disobedience was also stated.

it is a type of crop

The tax on the salt and the government's monopoly right over its production made Mahatma Gandhi very much disturbed. In his opinion, it was a gross atrocity on the part of thr the British government. Salt was something consumed by rich and the poor alike and it was one of the most essential food items . Hence it should be exempted from any tax. He sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin on 31st January 1930 with eleven demands . These demands are concerned with the interests of all sections of Indian people. The most stirring of all was the demand to make salt tax- free. But Irwin showed recultance and took the warning lightly. Gandhiji started his famous salt march over 240 miles from Sabarmati ashram to Gujarati costal town of Dandi accompanied by his 78 trusted volunteers. On 6th April 1930 he reached Dandi and openly and ceremonially violated thr the salt law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. People were now asked to not only to refuse cooperation but also to break colonial laws. Gandhiji's salt march proved to be a important milestone in the history of Indian national movement. People from all walks of life participated in this historic movement. Thus this marked the beginning of Civil Disobedience movement

In 1930 as part of civil disobedience movement ,Gandhiji started his famous DANDI MARCH from Sabarmathi to Dandi (salt satyagraha)

Rights of consumers are right to safety, right to choose, right to be heard, right to seek redressal, right to consumer education and right to be informed.

Right to be informed- Adequate and accurate information about quality, quantity, purity, standard and the price of the goods and services must be provided to consumers. This information helps consumers in their buying decision and use of the product.

Right to seek redressal- Consumers have been given the right to redress their grievances relating to the performance, grade, quality etc. of the goods and services. 

Right to choose- Assurance of access to variety of goods and services at competitive price.

Right to Safety- Consumers have the right to be protected against marketing of goods and services which are harmful to life and property.

Right to be heard- Consumer's interest should receive due consideration at appropriate forums relating to consumer welfare.

Right to consumer education- Knowledge about goods and issues relating to consumer welfare.

increased foreign investment

Thank you for giving answer of my question

It is generally accepted that while the first three general elections were held in a free and fair manner, a plummeting of standards started during the fourth general elections in 1967. Many consider the electoral system in the country as the basis of political corruption. In the next sections, we will talk about the challenges in this regard, and some of the previous attempts at electoral reform.
Electoral reforms can make the democratic process more inclusive by bringing more people under the electoral process, reduce corruption, which is pervasive, and make India a stronger democracy.

The three types of movements or flows within the international economic exchange are trade flows, human capital flows and capital flows or investments. These can be explained as-the trade in agricultural products, migration of labour, and financial loans to and from other nations,
(I) The flow of trade (trade in goods, e.g. cloth or wheat): India was a hub of trade in the pre-modern world, and it exported textiles and spices in return for gold and silver from Europe. Many different foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chilies and sweet potatoes came to India from the Americas after Columbus discovered it. Fine cottons produced in India were exported to Europe. With industrialization, British cotton manufacture began to expand, and industrialists pressurized the government to restrict cotton imports and protect local industries. Tariffs were imposed on cloth imports and Britain. Consequently the inflow of fine Indian Cotton began to decline.
(II) The flow of labour (the migration of people in search of employment): In the field of labour, indentured labour was provided for mines, plantations and factories abroad, in huge numbers, in the nineteenth century. This was an instrument of colonial domination by the British. Indentured laborers were hired under contacts which promised return travel to India after they had worked five years on their employer's plantation. Nineteenth century indenture has been described as a new system of slavery. Their living and working conditions were harsh, and there were few legal rights.
(III) The movement of capital investments): Lastly, Britain took generous loans from USA to finance the World War. Since India was an English colony, the impact of these loan debts was felt in India too. Food and other crops for the world market required capital. Large plantations could borrow it from banks and markets. Shikaripuri Shroffs and Nattukottai Chettiars were amongst the many groups of bankers and traders who financed export agriculture in central and Southest Asia, using either their own funds or those borrowed from Europeans banks. Indian traders and money lenders also followed Europeans colonizers into Africa. Hyderabadi Sindhi traders, however, ventured beyond Europeans colonies. From the 1860s they established flourishing emporia at busy ports worldwide, selling local and imported curious to tourists. The British government increased taxes, interest rates, and lowered the prices of products it bought from the colony. Indirectly, but strongly, this affected the Indian economy and people. All three flows were closely interlinked and affected peoples' lives.

1) Flow of trade. 2) Flow of capital 3) Flow of labour.

Buttt Gaurav female figure to 19th century ki kahani h....ye 15-16th century me kya hua tha..???

The female figures as an allegory of the nation:

• Artists found a way out to represent a country in the form of a person.
• Then nations were portrayed as female figures.
• The female figure was chosen to personify the nation did not stand for any particular woman in real life.
• It gave the abstract idea of the nation a concrete form.
• Thus, the female figure became an allegory of the nation.
• During the French Revolution artists used the formal allegory to portray idea such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic.

The mineral which contains iron Example-iron nickel

RBI stands for reserve bank of India. It issue currency in our country India except Rs.1 It was established in 1935 & was nationalised in 1949.

The different forms of power sharing in modern democracies are:

• Horizontal Distribution of Power: The power is shared among the different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Example: The distribution of power between Indian Parliament (legislature), the council of ministers headed by chief ministers (executive) and Courts of India.
• Vertical Distribution of Power: The power is shared among governments at different levels– a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. Example: In India, power is shared among Central government, State government and local governments.
• Distribution of Power among different Social Groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.Example: ‘Community Government’ in Belgium.
• Distribution of Power among Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements: Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements control or influence those who are in power. Different political parties contest elections for power which ensures that power does not remain in one hand and shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Pressure groups and movements influence the decision making process.

Consumer is exploited in many ways. Consumers are scattered, unorganised and many of them are illiterate. The traders, moneylenders, service-providers exploit the consumers in many ways. Sellers try to shift the responsibility of product/service on the buyer. They plea that the buyer should be aware when he buys the goods. It is the responsibility of the buyer to check the goods while purchasing them. The need for consumer protection and satisfaction has been widely accepted all over the world. All this has resulted in need for creating consumer awareness in India also.

Goods are transported from supply to demand locations by people called traders. Transport is a key factor that influences India’s rapid economic development. Based on the medium it uses, the means of transport can be divided into land transport, water transport and air transport.

Land transport includes roadways and railways and pipelines used to transport liquid and gaseous material over long distances.

Water transport can be classified as inland transport and overseas transport. Inland transport happens along coastline between two domestic ports or through inland waterways. Overseas transport involves sending goods from one country to another. Air transport can be classified as domestic and international. Private and government-run domestic airways connect different cities of India. International airways connect India with destinations in all parts of the world.

Modern advances in science and technology have not left any part of the world inaccessible. Thus, the world appears a much smaller place today.

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ThNkuu Madhu Sharma

Thankuuh

Rainwater harvesting

Rainwater harvesting

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Harbour :- Harbour is a place on the cost where ships,boats and barges can seek shelter from a stormy whether. Port:- Port is a location on the coast that can be used to load unload cargo. Location:- Port:- A port is located inside a harbour Harbour:- A harbour cannot be located inside a port. Purpose:- Harbour :- The purpose of harbour is to provide shelter from the whether condition. Port:- The purpose of port is to load and unload cargo . Creation:- Harbour :- A harbour is usually a natural structure . Port :- Port are generally artificia.......

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