1. The nationalist sentiments among the middle-class Germans forced them to unite different regions of the German Confederation into a nation-state (governed by an elected parliament) in 1848. 2. This initiative of nation-building was however repressed by the combined forces of monarchy and the military, supported by large landowners of Prussia. 3. Following these repressive measures, Prussia took on the task of national unification. Otto Von Bismarck was the chief architect of this process, along with the Prussian army and the bureaucracy. 4. Three wars fought over seven years - with Denmark, France and Austria ended in Prussian victory and thus completing the unification process. The Prussian King, William I, was thereafter proclaimed the German emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles. 5. he new state in Germany further went on to initiate a strong emphasis on modernising currency, banking, legal and judicial system

Nation building process of Germany

• By 1848, the popular effort failed to succeed in installing constitutional monarch in Germany.
• There after the task for unification of Germany was taken over by Prussia and its chief minister Otto von Bismarck who followed a policy of “blood and Iron” within a period of seven years three were fought with denmark, Austria and France.
• These states were defeated.
• In January 1871 the process of unification of Germany was completed.
• The Prussian king William I was proclaimed German Emperor To be assessed as a whole

Germany: Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle class Germans, who in 1848 tried to unite different regions of the German confederation. This movement was suppressed by combined forces of monarchy and military, supported by large landowners (Junkers) of Prussia. Then Prussia's chief minister, Otto von Bismarck, took the leadership of the movement for national unification. Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark and France ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification. In January 1871, Prussian king William I was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.
 Italy: Prime Minister Cavour and King Victor Emmanuel formed an alliance with France to overthrow Austria. This alliance united northern Italy. At the same time in the South, Garibaldi used guerilla warfare to unite southern Italy. People in the south voted to join the people in the north, thus uniting Italy.

 

The French Revolution had its impact on the administration as well.

• A body of active citizens, elected the Estates General and renamed it the National Assembly.
• A centralised administrative system was created formulating uniform laws for all French citizens.
• All internal custom duties and dues were abolished.
• A uniform system of weights and measures was adopted.

The main aim of French revolutionaries was: 
To create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people by banning the estate system.

The steps which  were taken by French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French people were: 
1) The idea of La- Patrie and Le-Citoyen emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. 
2) New French flag the tricolour was chosen to replace the former royal standard. 
3) The Estate General was elected by the body of an active citizen and renamed the National Assembly. 
4) New Hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation.
5) A centralized administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizen within its territory. 
6) Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weight and measures were adopted. 
7) Regional dialects were discouraged and French became the common language of the nation.

The feeling of loyalty towards own country is called nationalism

Nationalism: It is a belief system which instills a sense of common identity among the members of a nation. National flag, national symbol, national anthem, etc. play an important role in developing and strengthening the idea of nationalism.

The feeling of loyalty towards own country,is called nationalism.

• Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the fifteenth century.
• The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821.
• Nationalists in Greece got support from other Greeks living in exile and also from many West Europeans who had sympathies for ancient Greek culture.
• Poets and artists lauded Greece as the cradle of European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its struggle against a Muslim empire.
• The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war, where he died of fever in 1824.
• Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation.

Land resources mean the resources available from the land, thus the agricultural land which contain natural fertilizer for growth of the products sown; the underground water, the various minerals like coal, bauxite, gold and other raw materials. Land resource is important because humans not only live but also perform all economic activities on land. Besides, land also supports wild life, natural vegetation, transport and communication activities. Ninety five percent of our basic needs and requirements like food, clothing and shelter are obtained from land.

Nationalism is loyalty to one`s nation. It is a willingness to put the interests of the nation ahead of your own.
Imperialism is a desire to spread the control and power of a nation over other lands outside the nation. Imperialism can lead to empires. Nationalism does not.

Louis philippe

Louis-Philippe was forced to flee in 1845.

Three ways include: use them more wisely or more efficiently, find substitutes, or recycle and reuse them to the maximum extent

Development is good for people to enjoy basic human welfare such as clean water, accessible to health care facilities, sewage collection and disposal. People living in a developed country usually have a longer life expectancy than the people living in the rural areas.

 

Thanks both of u

Napoleon Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

UPDATED:SEP 27, 2019ORIGINAL:NOV 9, 2009 Napoleon Bonaparte HISTORY.COM EDITORS CONTENTS Napoleon’s Education and Early Military Career Napoleon’s Rise to Power The Coup of 18 Brumaire Napoleon’s Marriages and Children The Reign of Napoleon I Napoleon’s Downfall and First Abdication Hundred Days Campaign and Battle of Waterloo Napoleon’s Final Years Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution (1789-1799). After seizing political power in France in a 1799 coup d’état, he crowned himself emperor in 1804. Shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military strategist, Napoleon successfully waged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded his empire. However, after a disastrous French invasion of Russia in 1812, Napoleon abdicated the throne two years later and was exiled to the island of Elba. In 1815, he briefly returned to power in his Hundred Days campaign. After a crushing defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, he abdicated once again and was exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena, where he died at 51 Think this is helpful ?????

•  Gandhi ji designed the first swaraj flag in 1921.
•  It was a tri colour comprising red , white and green .
•  it also had a spinning wheel or charkha to emphasise his idea of self help .

bankim chandra chattopadhyay

Abindranath Tagore

Abanindranath Tagore created the first image of bharatmata in 1905 .

Rabindra nath Tagore

The first image of Bharat Mata was created as a watercolor painting by Abanindranath Tagore in 1905. The image depicts Bharat Mata as a saffron clad woman with four arms standing by the edge of a lotus pond. The hind arms have a piece of white cloth and a book whereas the forearms have a rosary made of beads and some paddy sheaves. The saffron attire combined with four arms and a halo behind the head made her look like a divine sadhvi. This form of Bharat Mata represented a combination of Goddesses Saraswati and Lakshmi revered for knowledge and prosperity respectively.

Duke Metternich

During the 'Age of Revolution', the first insurrection took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon dynasty, restored during the conservative reaction after 1815, was overthrown by liberal revolutionaries. In its place, a constitutional moarchy with Louis Philippe at is head was installed. This 'July Revolution' led to another insurrection in Brussels and led to Begium becoming independent from the control of the Kingdom of Netherlands. Even before these events, it had been witnessed that France was the political nervecentre of the rest of Europe. Ever since the French Revolution, the political developments in France had direct impact on the rest of the European continent. Hence Metternich said 'When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold'.

Treaty of Constantinople

The "Treaty of Constantinople of 1832" recognised Greece as an independent nation.

The three most important dictators after the First World War were Benito Mussolini in Italy, Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union and Adolf Hitler in Germany. Believe it is helpful to you??☺????

Modern states are ruled by a centralised power and authority. In a nation state, citizens came to develop a common identity based on shared language, traditions and customs. In modern states, people speaking different languages, following various traditions and cultures live together.

Bismarck's ultimate goal was to unite the German states into a strong German Empire with Prussia as its core. On September 30, 1862 Bismarck made his famous blood and iron speech, which implied that if Germany was to unify it would be with the use of military force. He hated liberalism, democracy and socialism.

The flag or sign of a nation The coat of arms of a soil or ruling family . The seal or stamp of the land or ruling family. The leaders of state The linked device and slogan can also be used separately. The state of colors , frequently derived from the above. Non figurative symbol National anthem, Royal and majestic hymns. All these things are of priceless possession for a nation. In the attachment images are showing the difference between the flag of European and others.

The Belgium citizens elect the community government in Belgium.
Belgium people belonging to different communities elect the respective government (Dutch, French, German) in the legislature.
Election is done on community basis(language).

i) Violent clashes arose due to the arrest of the Congress leaders by the government. ii) Industrial workers at Solapur attacked police posts and government institutions after the arrest of Gandhiji.

Hi

PMKVY HOTA Hai or full form pradhan mantri Kaushal Vikas yojna hota h

But this question is roung

Pradhan मंत्री kausal vikas yojna

Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution

WATER POLLUTION

1. Over irrigation can lead to land degradation as in places like Punjab and Haryana.
2. Some plants require minimum water but irrigation can waterlog which may affect crops.
3. Due to irrigation, harmful pesticides get soluble in water which degrades the organic manure's quality.

Excess of water in soil leads to water logging. ... Excess irrigation destroys standing crops. Increases the amount of salt on the surface soil as water evaporates

Because even though it is a small country, it has diverse population made up of multilingual groups. ... So, to avoid and possible social conflict and political instability, Belgium adopted federal system of power sharing.

cyclone is the fastest wave

A Cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around strong centers of low pressure.
 

• Water vapors are formed when water is heated.
• This heat is released to atmosphere when water vapors convert to water during rains.
• The heat released, warms the air around and makes it to move up. This also results in decreased air pressure.
• Hence, cooler air from surrounding rushes to take the warm air’s place.
• This repeats till a low pressure system with surrounding high speed winds is created. This is called a Cyclone.
• Cyclone depends on wind speed, direction, temperature and humidity.

Cyclones are also called Hurricane in USA and Typhoon in Japan and Philippines

(i) Area-wise Belgium is a small country in Europe.It  is smaller in area than that of Haryana in India. It has a borders with Netherlands, France and Germany.
(ii) Regarding population it has a population of over one crore, about half the population of Haryana.
(iii) Besides, it has a very complex ethnic composition comprising various language speaking communites than India which is a secular and integrated country.