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- Modern periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
- The horizontal rows in the Modern Periodic Table are called periods.
- The vertical columns in the Modern Periodic Table are called groups.
Posted by Amit Kumar 5 years, 10 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 10 months ago
i. Ingestion – The process of taking food into the body is called ingestion.
ii. Digestion – Dissolving of solid food is called digestion. During digestion, the food containing large insoluble substances is broken down into small, water soluble substances. Digestion involves both physical and chemical methods for digesting the large substances present in food.
The human digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and its associated glands. Food is taken into the body through the mouth.
Digestion in human beings starts in the mouth. The mouth contains teeth, tongue and salivary glands. The teeth cut the food into small pieces, chew and grind it. The tongue mixes the food with saliva. The salivary glands secrete a watery liquid called saliva.
The slightly digested food goes into the food pipe or oesophagus by peristalsis. No digestion of food takes place in the oesophagus.
The slightly digested food reaches the stomach through oesophagus for further digestion where it is broken down into smaller pieces. The inner lining of the stomach secretes gastric juice which includes mucus, hydrochloric acid and digestive juices. Mucus protects the lining of the stomach from hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid makes the medium in the stomach acidic to facilitate the digestion of proteins. The digestive juices break down the protein into simpler substances. Then the partially digested food goes into the small intestine.
The small intestine is a very long and narrow tube where complete digestion of food takes place. It receives secretions of liver, pancreas and its own walls. Liver secretes liquid called bile which helps in the digestion of fats and converts them into small droplets. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Pancreatic juice also breaks down carbohydrates and proteins into simpler forms. The intestinal juice secreted by the walls of small intestine breaks down the carbohydrates into glucose, proteins into amino acids. Thus, the food gets completely digested in small intestine.
iii. Absorption: The digested food material passes into the blood vessels in the walls of small intestine. This process is called absorption. The inner walls of small intestine have millions of tiny, finger-like outgrowths called villi which increase the surface area for rapid absorption of digested food. Each villus has a network of blood vessels which absorbs the digested food materials into the blood flowing through them.
iv. Assimilation: The blood carries the absorbed food materials to the cells in all the parts of the body where it is used for growth, energy and repair. This is called assimilation. Glucose breaks down utilizing oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, and releases energy.
The undigested and unabsorbed food passes from the small intestine into large intestine. Most of the water is absorbed from the undigested food materials in the large intestine.
v. Egestion: The undigested food is temporarily stored in the last part of the large intestine called rectum and finally the semi-solid waste is passed out from the body through **** in the form of faeces. This is called egestion.
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Renewable source of energy is the energy which is being produced continuously in nature and is inexhaustible in nature. Example - wind energy, ocean thermal energy
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- A gene is a small section of DNA? that contains the instructions for a specific molecule, usually a protein?.
- The purpose of genes? is to store information.
- Each gene contains the information required to build specific proteins needed in an organism.
- The human genome? contains 20,687 protein-coding genes.
- Genes come in different forms, called alleles.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 10 months ago
The direction of the magnetic field at any point is obtained by drawing a tangent to the field line at that point.
Magnetic field is a quantity that has both direction and magnitude. The direction of the magnetic field is taken to be the direction in which a north pole of the compass needle moves inside it. Therefore it is taken by convention that the field lines emerge from north pole and merge at the south pole. Inside the magnet, the direction of field lines is from its south pole to its north pole. Thus the magnetic field lines are closed curves.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 10 months ago
- Sign Conventions for Spherical Mirrors:
According to the New Cartesian Sign Convention, the pole (P) of the mirror is taken as the origin. The principal axis of the mirror is taken as the x-axis (X’X) of the coordinate system. The conventions are as follows:
(i) The object is always placed to the left of the mirror. This implies that the light from the object falls on the mirror from the left-hand side.
(ii) All distances parallel to the principal axis are measured from the pole of the mirror.
(iii) All the distances measured to the right of the origin (along + x-axis) are taken as positive while those measured to the left of the origin (along – x-axis) are taken as negative.
(iv) Distances measured perpendicular to and above the principal axis (along + y-axis) are taken as positive.
(v) Distances measured perpendicular to and below the principal axis (along –y-axis) are taken as negative.
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Sai Karthik 5 years, 10 months ago
1Thank You