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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
Homologous Series
- A series of carbon compounds in which same functional group substitutes the hydrogen atom is called a homologous series.
- These compounds have similar chemical properties due to the addition of same kind of functional group throughout the chain.
- For example, the series of alkanes i.e. Methane, ethane, propane, butane and so on is a homologous series.
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- A rainbow is a natural spectrum of sunlight in the form of bows appearing in the sky when the sun shines on rain drops.
- It is combined result of reflection, refraction and dispersion of sunlight from water droplets, in atmosphere.
- Always it formed in the direction opposite to the sun.
- To see a rainbow, the sun must behind us and the water droplets falls infront of us.
- When a sunlight enters into a spherical rain¬drop, it is refracted and dispersed. The different colours of light bent in different angles.
- When different colours of light fall on the back inner surface of drop, it (water drop) reflects (different colours of light) internally (total internal reflection).
- The water drops again refracts the different colours, when it comes out from the raindrop.
- After leaving this different colours from the raindrop as rainbow, reach our eye. Thus, we see a rainbow.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
The trophic level is the position an organism occupies in the food chain. The first trophic level known as the base of the ecosystem has the highest energy concentration which is transferred to the organisms at different trophic levels. Following are the different levels of an ecosystem:
- Producers: Plants and other autotrophs are known as producers. They prepare their own food using sunlight and carbon dioxide by the process of photosynthesis. This energy is transferred to the organisms that feed on the producers.
- Primary Consumers: This is the second trophic level which includes all the herbivores. Animals such as cows, buffaloes, deer, few insects cannot prepare their food and rely on plants and natural products for nutrition.
- Secondary Consumers: A few organisms such as rats, foxes, fish belong to the third trophic level. These are secondary consumers and derive their nutrition from the primary consumers.
- Tertiary Consumers: This is the fourth trophic level that includes all the carnivores and omnivores.
- Apex Predators: This is the final trophic level of the ecosystem. The animals belonging to this trophic level have no predators of their own. Eagles, lions, anacondas, belong to this trophic level.
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 7 months ago
Any substance can conduct electricity only if it has free electrons.
It is true that copper and rubber, both have electrons but copper has free electrons, which are responsible for flow of current and hence, conduct electricity.
Rubber, on the other hand, does not have free electrons and cannot conduct electricity and are called insulators.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 5 months ago
This concept of free energy can be made using magnets or simple motors. The technology of magnets and motors used in generation of power has been around us ever since we started generating electricity using conventional sources of energy. The simplest generator consists of just a coil of wire and a bar magnet. When you push the magnet through the middle of the coil, an electric current is produced in the wire. The current flows in one direction as the magnet is pushed in, and in the other direction as the magnet is removed.
Posted by Akshaya Dharshini 5 years, 7 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
Properties of ionic compounds are as follows.
- Ionic compounds are solids and hard due to the strong attracting force between the positive and negative ions. These compounds are generally brittle and break into pieces on application of pressure.
- Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because a application of significant amount of energy can break the strong inter-ionic attraction.
- Ionic compounds are soluble in water but insoluble in solvents like kerosene, petrol, etc.
- Conduction of electricity through a solution is possible when there is movement of charged particles. Ionic compounds in the solid state do not conduct electricity because movement of ions in the solid is not possible due to their rigid structure.
- A solution of an ionic compound in water contains ions, which move to the opposite electrodes when electricity is passed through the solution. Ionic compounds conduct electricity in the molten state as in the molten state the electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions overcome due to the heat. Thus, the ions move freely and conduct electricity.
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A light ray is refracted (bent) when it passes from one medium to another at an angle and its speed changes. At the interface, it is bent in one direction if the material it enters is denser (when light slows down) and in the other direction if the material is less dense (when light speeds up). Because different wavelengths (colors) of light travel through a medium at different speeds, the amount of bending is different for different wavelengths. Violet is bent the most and red the least because violet light has a shorter wavelength, and short wavelengths travel more slowly through a medium than longer ones do. Because white light is made up of all visible wavelengths, its colors can be separated (dispersed) by this difference in behavior.
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Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, like atoms and molecules. This energy is released when a chemical reaction takes place. Usually, once chemical energy has been released from a substance, that substance is transformed into a completely new substance. Examples of matter containing chemical energy include: Coal: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat. Wood: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat. Petroleum: Can be burned to release light and heat or changed into another form of chemical energy, such as gasoline.
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 7 months ago
In our daily life, science is useful as below.
- The food you eat.(grown in farms, where fertilizers and pesticides are used, with farm equipments and transported to where you are)
- The cloths you wear.(made of synthetic or natural fibers, colored, made in factories)
- The house you stay in.(made of concrete, which is made of cement)
- The transport you use for moving around (bicycle, motorbike, car, bus, train, ship, airplane etc)
- The medicine you take when you are sick.
- The fire you use for cooking ( started by a match stick and sustained by petroleum based fuel).
- Entertainments you enjoy(movies, music, TV aka technology)
- Electricity.
- Different materials you use in your daily life(metal, wood, plastic you name it, to reach you in its current form, each went through many manufacturing processes.)
- Internet facilities
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Chemical reactions are the processes in which new substances with new properties are formed. Example - When magnesium ribbon is heated, it burns in air to form a white powder called magnesium oxide.
2Mg + O2
2MgO
During a chemical reaction, atoms of one element do not change into those of another element. Only a rearrangement of atoms takes place in a chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction, reactants are transformed into products. The substances which take place in a chemical reaction are called reactants. The new substances produced as a result of chemical reaction are called products.
The method of representing a chemical reaction with the help of symbols and formulae of substances involved in it is called a chemical equation.
Example: Zinc metal reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas.
This equation is written as: Zn + H2SO4
ZnSO4 + H2
Posted by Vansh 3434 5 years, 7 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 7 months ago
Salts are formed by the reaction of acids and base. And a salt contains positive and negative radicals both. On the basis of positive and negative radicals, salts can be categorized into family.
If two salts have same positive or negative radicals, they are called to be of same family.
In other words, if salts formed by the reaction of same acid with different bases, then all salts so formed belong to the same family. On the other hand if salts formed by the reaction same base with different acids, then all salts so formed have same negative radicals, and all such salts are called to be belonged to the same family.
Example:
In Sodium chloride and sodium sulphate, sodium which is positive radical is same in both of the salts. Thus, sodium chloride and sodium sulphate belongs to the sodium family.
Similarly, in sodium chloride and potassium chloride, chloride which is negative radical is same. Thus, sodium chloride and potassium chloride both belong to chloride family.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
Electric current: The flow of electric charges across a cross-section of a conductor constitutes an electric current. It is defined as the rate of flow of the electric charge through any section of a conductor. Electric currentharge/Time or I = Q/t Electric current is a scalar quantity.
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