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A Pinhole Camera:
A pinhole camera works on the principle that light travels in straight lines.
The pinhole camera consists of a closed box having a small pinhole in the front and a translucent screen made of butter paper at the back which acts as a screen to receive the image of an object. The pinhole camera is used to view the images of various objects like trees and buildings, etc.
Formation of image in a pinhole camera:
A ray of light coming from the top point A of the tree passes through the pinhole in a straight line to form an image at point A’ on the screen. Another ray of light coming from the bottom B of the tree also passes through the pinhole in a straight line to form an image at point B’ on the screen. Each point on the tree AB forms its corresponding image on the screen between points A’and B’. The image A’B’ of the tree AB is produced on the screen.
The working of a pinhole camera illustrates the property that light travels in straight lines.
An inverted image is formed in a pinhole camera because the light rays coming from the top and bottom of the object intersect at the pinhole.
Characteristics of the image formed by a pinhole camera:
- The image in a pinhole camera is real and inverted.
- The image in a pinhole camera is of the same colour as the object.
- The image in a pinhole camera can be smaller than the object, equal to the object or bigger than the object depending on the distance of object from the pinhole camera.
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A pinhole camera is a simple camera, without lens, in the shape of a box. One of the sides has a small hole and it produces an inverted image of the outside world at other side.
- The box should be painted black from outside and inside for better clarity.
- The object whose image is to be seen should be in bright light.
- Smaller the hole, sharper the image.
- Temporary Black and White images are formed on the screen if a tracing paper is used. Permanent colored and b & w images can be obtained using photographic films instead of tracing paper.
- In the below diagram, two boxes are placed one inside the other. The image of the outer object is created inverted on the inner box translucent screen.
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- The arteries divide in to extremely small thin branches on reaching the tissues. These small branches are called as capillaries.
- Capillaries have walls and are one-cell thick through which the exchange of materials between the blood and surrounding cells take place across his thin wall.
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Alveoli and lungs act as the structural and functional units of lungs and kidneys respectively. Alveoli occur in the respiratory system while the nephrons occur in the excretory system. The cell wall of alveoli and nephrons is thick and surrounded by blood capillaries. Let us have a detailed look at the differences between alveoli and nephrons with respect to its structure and function.
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As per sources and studies made on this. The appendix sits in the lower right abdomen. The function of the appendixis unknown. One theory is that the appendix acts as a storehouse for good bacteria, “rebooting” the digestive system after diarrheal illnesses. Other experts believe the appendix is just a useless remnant from our evolutionary past.
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The graph shows that share of agriculture decreased substantially and that of industry remained static and share of services grew. Particularly the growth of share of services sector was phenomenal from 35% to 55%.
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Generally, metals are electro-positive elements meaning they are good electron donors. So, when an acidcomes in contact with a metal surface it undergoes de-protonation quite easily. Essentially, the metal-acidsystem forms a Redox couple. This oxidation of metals is the main cause for corrosion
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An electric current is a flow of particles (electrons) flowing through wires and components. It is the rate of flow of charge. If the electric charge flows through a conductor, we say that there is an electric current in the conductor. In the circuits using metallic wires, electrons constitute a flow of charges. Current can flow through a conductor only when an electric field is established inside it. An electric field exists inside the conductor, as it is connected to the battery. Thus, current flows through the conductor.
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