1. For an introduction, you can start with the following phrases-
   1. The chart given above describes
   2. The table suggests
   3. The line graph shows
   4. The data given provides information about
   5. The pie chart illustrates, etc.
2. For describing trends, use phrases and words like- a pattern of growth, rapidly doubled, skyrocketed, striking increase, peaked, soaring rates, declined, plummeted, leveled off, stagnated, fluctuate, starting to rise, starting to fall, drop down, slightly, etc.
3. For describing quantities, use various styles like- 48% of, one-third of, nearly one-fourth of, almost 80%, majority, on average, twice as much, almost equal, the highest, the lowest, very close to 2%, roughly, approximately 5% of, just under three percent, etc.
4. For establishing a relationship or contrast, use phrases and words like- relationship between, similarly, in contrast with, in comparison to, but in the opposite case, however, whereas, when it comes to, as opposed to, while, striking difference, noticeable difference, etc.
5. For the conclusion and other connecting phrases use- overall, subsequently, in all, in a nutshell, for the chart given, in short, striking changes, including, therefore, etc.

Adrienne Rich’s “The Trees” is a nature poem. Forest is the natural habitat of trees, birds and insects. In the absence of trees in the forest, the ecological balance will be disturbed. In this poem, the poetess has personified nature. Man has confined nature within his four walls. Man has uprooted trees and kept them in the modern artificial glasshouses. But nature can’t be subdued for long. The trees struggle to break the artificial bathers. They become free breaking all the bondages and move towards their natural habitat — the forest. Only there they can grow to the natural vastness, grandeur and dimensions. The poetess tries to convey that like human beings trees also need freedom. They can get their natural growth and freedom when they are in the forest and not in artificial houses made by human beings.

A Goan baker appears to be a plump and healthy man, wearing the traditional Kabai dress. He carries a bamboo staff and a huge basket. He is welcomed and respected everywhere. He is called a ‘pader’.

Computer Incharge

Delhi Public School,

New Delhi

27th July, 2018.

The Manager

Apple Incorporation

Nehru Place, New Delhi

Sub : Placing an order for 20 computer sets.

Sir,

On behalf of the Computer Incharge, I would like to place an order for 20 computers and their accessories.

You have a very good reputation of selling quality computer sets. Your computers are of superior quality. After going through your latest catalogue of computers, I am placing an order of 20 computer sets for our school.

All the computers should be of good quality, including some necessary softwares. Substandard items will be returned. Computers should be delivered in school before 1 p.m. within 7 days.

Please send the bill after deducting maximum discount as applicable for educational institutes.

Yours truly,

Neha Singh

(Computer Incharge)

• While in the bus, Valli did not interact mush with people. She spend her time all through watching from the window the outside scene. There were around 6-7  passengers in the bus besides the conductor and driver.  Valli refused to take any help from the conductor or fellow passengers
• The conductor of the bus seeing her confidence allowed her to board the bus. He was a jolly person and referred to Valli as Madam seeing the way Valli spoke with pride. Valli annoyingly told the conductor not to call her madam. Even for the other passengers to see such a small young girl alone and behaving like an adult was a fun sight for everybody.
• Whenever someone poked their nose in her business, Valli became annoyed because she didn't see herself as a child. Valli was enjoying a lot when suddenly someone asked her to sit down. She sat down to see who said that to her, and watched an old man display concern about her. It still left Valli annoyed  as she continued to be in no mood for anybody's help or advice. Valli was too proud to take help from anyone and therefore told the old man she wasn't a child. She said she was just like anyone else on the bus and could look after herself. Like everyone else, she paid the full fare

• She wanted to not make friends with an elderly lady who was upset that she was not socially intelligent. After asking her if she was all alone, she was staring at Valli. For the lady whose ear balls had big holes, Valli developed a strong hatred. She did not like the old lady's earrings either and she was the last person Valli would like to socialise with, looking at the way the old lady was chewing the betel nut. While angry about the elderly lady, Valli answered her by telling her that she traveled by herself and also by a ticket

Amanda is a little girl scolded by her mother for her mistakes. Hence she lives in a dream world.

Amanda is sort of a day dreamer. She lives between illusions and the reality.

She want to run away or escape from the bitter situations she is facing.

She tries various tricks to get escaped from the undesirable situations.

Hari Singh felt that he don't wanted to make Anil's faith on Hari a false one, so he decided to return the stolen money .

It shows change in the character of Anil from a bad person (robber) to a good person

The boys followed the footprints because they were amazed at the footprints appearing from nowhere. The footprints were of a man who was bare feet; they wondered who could be bare feet in such a cold weather in London.  

The footprints were appearing from nowhere, following one after another; the boys kept following them; however, soon they became fainter and fainter and disappeared completely.  

• Wanda's absence from school was not noticed for two days but on the third day Peggy and Maddie who missed the fun of laughing at her, waited for her at the corner Oliver street where they used to meet her on their way to school.
• But Wanda did not turn up and they got late for school.
• Next day, it was drizzling.
• Peggy and Maddie did not wait for Wanda because they never wanted to be late for school.
• They were anxious to know the result of the competition which was to be announced that day.

Hari Singh returned to Anil because he felt guilty about robbing him. He thought that people have different responses to being robbed. Some people show fear, some show anger, and some show acceptance. But, Hari knew that Anil would be sad, not for the loss of money but for the loss of trust.

Anne had admirable writing skills. This is visible from two facts: 1. She started writing her diary at quite a young age. 2. She wrote the essays given to her as an assignment by Mr. Keesing.  

Mr. Keesing was annoyed at her incessant talking in the class. He had warned her many times no to talk in the class while he was teaching, yet Anne could not resist the temptation to talk. In order to discourage her from chattering he gave her an assignment to write an essay on ‘A Chatterbox’.  

Quite interestingly, Anne wrote quite a big essay in which she put forth arguments defending her chattering in the class. He had a good laugh reading the essay. However, when the class started again, Anne began talking again. In order to punish her he gave her another essay to write on ‘An Incorrigible Chatterbox’. Anne wrote the essay second time also.

This proves Anne had an innate ability to write convincingly.  

The Diary Of A Young Girl’ was written at the time of the Second World War. It describes the pitiable conditions of the Jews as they were the most affected by this war. Thousands of Jews were forced to leave their houses and flee to other countries. They were supposed to wear a yellow star distinguishing them from others. During the war they were dragged out of their houses and were sent to the concentration camps. Many of the Jews went into hiding to escape the clutches of the Germans. The Frank family was also one of those few who went into hiding in a secret annexe. The entries of the sounds of guns sirens and airplanes continue to create an image of the war scene in front of the reader’s eyes. Thus the main theme of the novel revolves around the horrors of war faced by the Jews at that time.

Answer:
When Anil stated his inability to pay Hari, Anil questioned Hari if he could feed Hari. Hari realised that he had misjudged his target and moulded the situation for his benefit. Anil then agreed to feed him if he knew how to cook.

 Valli develops a desire to enjoy a ride on the bus but she needs to plan meticulously to realize her dream. She has to curtail her expenses so that she can save enough money for two-way fair. She also has to make the journey during the time when her mother takes afternoon nap. While on her journey, Valli does not want anybody’s help and wants to feel independent. She enjoys every bit of her journey to the town. But she is careful enough not to get off the bus in the unknown environs of the town. On her return journey, a sad accident spoils her mood and she just keeps to herself throughout the journey. She does not seem to be satisfied with one ride and wishes to make another attempt in future. She is also quite mischievous when she is sure that her mother did not know about her journey.

Answer: The 'dust of snow' means the fine particles or flakes of snow. The sudden shower in the form of the dust of snow changed the poet's mood. The poet's mood changed from sad to happy.

Format for Writing a Formal Letter

There’s a strict format to follow while writing a formal letter which is explained below:

1. Sender’s address: On the left side of the page, just next to the margin, write the sender’s address/ contact details.

2. Date: Below the sender’s address write the date after leaving one line.

3. Receiver’s address: After date, write the address of the recipient (the Officer / Principal / Editor).

4. Subject of the letter: Here you have to mention the main purpose of the letter in 4 - 5 words.

5. Salutation: Respected Sir / Madam

6. Body: Here you have to explain the matter of your letter. Body of letter must be divided into 3 paragraphs as follows: 

• First Paragraph: Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter in brief.
• Second Paragraph: It should include the matter in detail.
• Third Paragraph: Here you have to conclude your letter by mentioning the conclusion or solution.

7. Complimentary Closing:

Thanking you.

Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely

8. Sender’s name/signature and designation (if applicable)

an example of a correct letter format referring the answer written by the highest scorer in CBSE English (Language & Literature) Paper:

Question:  You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur. The institute specializes in teaching science to classes XI – XII. Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings, duration, staff, transport and other necessary details for joining the institute. You are Rajesh/Rajni 2, Library Road Jabalpur.

Answer.

The Editor,
The National Daily,
Golaghat

Respected Sir/Madam,

Subject: Steps towards taking necessary steps to preserve our beautiful bio-reserves.

My name is _________. Firstly, I would like to apologize for taking out your precious time in reading my letter. I would want to draw your kind attention of the anxious authorities toward the falling bio-reserves of our multi-cultural country through this column of your prestigious newspaper.
India has about 2.4 percent of the world’s area, but it has only eight percent of the world’s bio-reserves. India is one of the 12 most diverse region in the whole entire world. There are over 47,000 different, colourful species of plants and over 89,000 furious species of animals. Even though of all of these, our majestic flora and fauna at our natural country are in a huge treat due to Human Activities. The technology is developing in our vast country. Over population is occurring! Pollution has led to lesser availability of sources of drinking water. Deforestation is happening over the few years for resources of us humans. Plants are dying, animals are getting extinct, and we are not taking any serious actions on these on-going problems. We have to relook into these major issues so that India can have a brighter and better future.

You are requested to kindly look into the matter and respond to it immediately. Strict actions need to be taken for the same. Thanking you!

Yours truly, ___________