In 1929 as the Wall Street Crash led to a worldwide depression. Germany suffered more than any other nation as a result of the recall of US loans, which caused its economy to collapse. Unemployment rocketed, poverty soared and Germans became desperate.

Hunger is a state in which a person is unable to eat sufficient food for a continuous period and due to this, he cannot meet basic nutritional needs. Hunger has seasonal and chronic dimensions. Seasonal Hunger Seasonal hunger is mainly related to food harvesting cycles.

(i) In order to be a candidate, the minimum age is 25 years.
(ii) Political parties nominate their candidates who get the party symbol and support.
(iii) Party’s nomination is often called a party ‘ticket’.
(iv) Every person who wishes to contest an election has to fill a ‘nomination form’ and give some money as ‘security deposit’. If the information provided is not correct, the nomination can be cancelled and the security deposit is returned.

(i) The civil servant is usually more educated and has more knowledge of the subject. For example, the advisors working in the Finance Ministry know more about economics than the Finance Minister. Sometimes the ministers may know very little about the technical matters that came under their ministry. Despite all these, they are more powerful than the civil servant. (ii) In a democracy, the will of the people is supreme. The minister is elected by the people and thus empowered to exercise the will of the people on their behalf. He is finally answerable to the people for all the consequences of her decision. (iii) That is why the minister takes all the final decisions. He decides the overall framework and objectives in which decisions on policy should be made.

Forward Bloc's immediate objective was the liberation of India with the support of workers, peasants, youths, and other organisations. After attaining independence, Forward Bloc would work for the establishment of a Socialist State through:

1. State planning to reorganize agriculture and industry in a Socialist pattern.
2. Abolition of the Zamindari System.
3. Introduction of the new monetary and credit system.

All these were to be achieved with the support of workers, peasants, employees, students and youth of India.

A. The Russian revolution put an end to the autocratic Tsarist rule in Russia. The ruling Romanov Dynasty was abolished.
B. The new Soviet Government announced its withdrawal from First World War.
C. It led to the establishment of world’s first socialist government.
D. There took place nationalization or acquisition of all industries, private property, banks, mines, telephones, and railways etc. All these declared government property.
E. It led to the beginning of planned economic development under the leadership of Stalin.
F. Under the leadership of Stalin USSR became one of the Super Power of the World.

A.From 1929, the party forced all peasants to cultivate in collective farms. The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms.

B.Peasants worked on the land and the profit was shared. Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock.

C.Those who resisted the collectivisation were severely punished. Many were deported and exiled.

D.As they resisted collectivisation, peasants argued that they were not rich and they were not against socialism. Stalin’s government allowed some independent cultivation but treated such cultivators unsympathetically.

The Jews were the worst sufferers in Nazi Germany because:

1. The Nazi hatred for Jews was rooted in the traditional Christian hostility towards them. They had been stereotyped as killers of Christ and usurers.
2. In Nazi Germany, they lived in separately marked areas called ghettos. They were often persecuted through periodic organised violence and expulsion from the land.
3. From 1933 to 1938, 'the Nazis terrorised, pauperised and segregated the Jews, compelling them to leave Germany.
4. Hitler believed that ‘the Jewish problem' could be solved only through total elimination. As a result, they were killed on a mass scale in gas chambers.