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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 8 months ago
Indian law does not permit the practice of untouchability. Article 17 of the Constitution of India bans the practice. The enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability is an offence punishable in accordance with law. The directive principles of the state policy laid down in the Constitution of India also categorically rule against untouchability. The government of India has passed the Untouchability Act, 1955, to eliminate any form of caste-based discrimination. To eradicate the caste-based discrimination, the government introduced the reservation system, meaning that it has reserved seats in educational institutes and government services for Dalits.
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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 8 months ago
This has helped India in many ways. It has increased the production of the country and helped it to become a self reliant nation. It has also improved the level of income of the people and increased the GDP of the nation.
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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 9 months ago
By January 1920, the Bolsheviks controlled almost all the regions of the former Russian empire.
They took the following measures to establish a socialist society:
- The Bolsheviks nationalised all the industries and banks.
- The land was declared social property and peasants were alloted land by seizing it from the nobility.
- Officials assessed the economy and planned to increase it by making Five Year Plans.
- Centralised planning led to economic growth. Production increased in the industries and thus more factory cities were made in Russia.
- An extended schooling system was developed. Arrangements were made for the higher education for children of workers and peasants which helped them to enter universities.
- Cheap public healthcare facilities were provided to all.
- Model living quarters were established for workers.
- Creches were established for the children of women workers in all the places they work in.
With these new changes, Russian society gradually became a socialist society.
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- The Second Backward Classes Commission in India was established in the year of 1979 by the Janta Party Government under the Prime Minister Morarji Desai. It was headed by the Indian Parliamentarian B.P. Mandal. Hence, it was popularly known as the Mandal Commission.
- The Mandal Commission was asked to determine the criteria to identify the socially and educationally backward classes in India and recommended steps for their advancement.
- The Commission gave its report in 1980 and made further recommendations. One of these was that 27% of government jobs be reserved for the socially and economically backward classes (SEBC). The reservation issue was very strongly protested after the implementation of the Commission Report in the year 1990. People seemed to react vehemently because this very decision affected thousands of job opportunities.
- Some felt that the reservations were a necessary part to balance the inequality among the people of different castes in India while in contrast, others felt that the reservations were unfair and would deny equal opportunities to those who did not belong to backward communities. Following the nation-wide outrage against the order and protest, a court case was filed against the order. These cases were grouped together by the Supreme Court and called the 'Indira Sawhney and others vs the Union of India Case'.
Posted by Abhi Vats 1 year, 8 months ago
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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 8 months ago
A. The eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of social groups, termed as the middle class.
B. They earned their wealth through an expanding overseas trade and manufacture of goods such as woolen silk textiles that were exported or bought by the richer members of society.
C. In addition to merchants and manufacturers the third estate included professionals such as lawyers or administrative officials.People of Middle class were educated and believed that no privilege should be given by birth, rather position of a person in society should be merit based.
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Sharanjeet Kaur 1 year, 9 months ago
2Thank You