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Nitrogen gas makes up around 78% of our atmosphere. It forms a part of many molecules like proteins, nucleic acid and some vitamins. Nitrogen is also found in other biologically important compounds such as alkaloids and urea. Nitrogen is thus an essential nutrient for all life forms.
The sequence in which nitrogen in the atmosphere is passed into the soil and life forms, and then released back into the atmosphere, is called the nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen is introduced to the soil by fertilizers or animal and plant residues. Bacteria in the soil convert the nitrogen to ammonium and nitrate, which is taken up by the plants by a process of nitrogen fixation.
The process of the production of ammonia from organic compounds is called ammonification. Ammonification is the process — carried out by a variety of microorganisms — that breaks down proteins, amino acids, and other nitrogen-containing compounds in dead and waste organic matter to form ammonia.
Nitrification is the process by which ammonia is converted to nitrites (NO2-) and then to nitrates (NO3-). This process naturally occurs in the environment, where it is carried out by specialized bacteria.
Denitrification is the biological conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas, nitric oxide or nitrous oxide. These compounds are gaseous compounds and are not readily available for microbial growth; therefore they are typically released to the atmosphere. Nitrogen gas makes up over 70% of atmospheric gases, thus the release of N2 to the atmosphere is benign.
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Strip cropping is a method of farming which involves cultivating a field partitioned into long, narrow strips which are alternated in a crop rotation system. It is used when a slope is too steep or when there is no alternative method of preventing soil erosion. The most common crop choices for strip cropping are closely sown crops such as hay, wheat, or other forages which are alternated with strips of row crops, such as corn, soybeans, cotton, or sugar beets
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Helminths are worm-like parasites that survive by feeding on a living host to gain nourishment and protection, sometimes resulting in illness of the host. There are a variety of different helminths from the very large to the microscopic. All helminths are invertebrates with long, flat or round bodies.
Posted by Manasvi Balakrishna 5 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
The continuous process by which nitrogen is exchanged between organisms and the environment is called nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient, needed to make amino acids and other important organic compounds, but most organisms cannot use free nitrogen, which is abundant as a gas in the atmosphere.
Nitrogen cycle involves the following steps:
(i) Nitrogen fixation: This process involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, which are soluble in water. This is done by various nitrogen fixing bacteria. Example - Rhizobium, blue green algae and bacterium Azotobacter.
(ii) Ammonification: It is the process of decomposing complex, dead organic matter into ammonia. This is done by microorganisms living in the soil.
(iii) Nitrification: It is the process of conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates. This is done by nitrifying bacteria. Example - Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.
(iv) Denitrification: It is the process of reducing nitrates present in the soil to release nitrogen back into the atmosphere. Example - Pseudomonas.
The decomposers help in decomposing the dead bodies of plants and animals, and hence act as cleansing agents of environment. The decomposers also help in putting back the various elements of which the dead plants and animals were made, back into the soil, air and water for reuse by the producers like crop-plants, e.g. the decomposers like purifying bacteria and fungi decompose the dead plants and animal bodies into ammonia. This ammonia is converted into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria present in soil. These nitrates act as fertilizer in the soil and are again absorbed by the plants for their growth. Thus, the nitrates act as fertilizer in the biosphere so that the process of life may go on and on like an unending chain.
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Law of conservation of momentum states that : For two or more bodies in an isolated system acting upon each other, their total momentum remains constant unless an external force is applied. Therefore, momentum can neither be created nor destroyed.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
K = 1 , L = 2, M = 3 and N = 4
if n = 1
2n2 = 2 (1)2 = 2 (1) = 2
if n = 2
2n2 = 2 (2)2 = 2 (4) = 8
if n = 3
2n2 = 2 (3)2 = 2 (9) = 18
Posted by Saransh Shekhawat 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
a. an isobar of iodine is used in the traetment of goitre.
b. an isobar of cobalt is used in treatmant of cancer.
c. an isobar of uranium is used as a nuclear reactor
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