Work done on an object is defined as the magnitude of the force multiplied by the distance moved by the object in the direction of the applied force. 1 Joule = 1 Newton × 1 metre.

274 K = 274 - 273 = 1ºC

Given:

The position of a body at different times are recorded in given below  

time= 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, displacement=0,16,12,18,24,30,36,42,48

Solution:

A displacement time graph for the given data is attached below.

x-axis represents the time and y-axis represents the displacement.

The movement of the object is described by a sloping line.

The velocity of the object is equal to the slope of the line.  

The steeper the line, the faster the object is moving.

Distance is the total movement of an object without any regard to direction. We can define distance as to how much ground an object has covered despite its starting or ending point.

Displacement is defined as the change in position of an object. It is a vector quantity and has a direction and magnitude. It is represented as an arrow that points from the starting position to the final position. 

According to avogadro's law, 1 mole of every substance weighs equal to the molecular mass and contains avogadro's number  of particles.

1 mole of water  contains=6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules of water

Thus 0.5 moles of water  contains=  molecules of water

Thus there are   molecules of water in 0.5 moles of water.

Public interest litigation is litigation for public interest i.e., it is a case filed in the interest of the public by a representative of the public. PIL was started to protect the fundamental rights of people who are poor, ignorant or in socially/economically disadvantaged position.

The big bang is how astronomers explain the way the universe began. It is the idea that the universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now (and it could still be stretching).

When the universe began, it was just hot, tiny particles mixed with light and energy. It was nothing like what we see now. As everything expanded and took up more space, it cooled down.

The tiny particles grouped together. They formed atoms. Then those atoms grouped together. Over lots of time, atoms came together to form stars and galaxies.

The first stars created bigger atoms and groups of atoms called molecules. That led to more stars being born. At the same time, galaxies were crashing and grouping together. As new stars were being born and dying, then things like asteroids, comets, planets, and black holes formed!

• The cells of plants, fungi and bacteria are surrounded by the cell wall.
• The cell walls of fungi, plants, and bacteria allow them to take up water via osmosis when they are placed in hypotonic media or a medium that is more dilute than their internal environments. 
• The presence of cell walls outside the cell membrane allows these cells to tolerate high internal pressures. 
• Hence, when these cells are placed in hypotonic solutions they swell up but do not burst.

Membrane biogenesis is the synthesis of cell membrane using lipids and proteins. Endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for membrane biogenesis.

Cells are capable of performing multiple functions in an organism. A cell contains specific components which are called Organelles. Each organelle in the cell can perform different functions such as making new cells or clearing the waste of the cell. Thus, organelles allow a cell to perform several kinds of activities in an organism.

Phloem, also called bast, tissues in plants that conduct foods made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. Phloem is composed of various specialized cells called sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma cells. Phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for the transport of sugars from source tissues (ex. photosynthetic leaf cells) to sink tissues (ex. non-photosynthetic root cells or developing flowers). Other molecules such as proteins and mRNAs are also transported throughout the plant via phloem. Phloem cells conduct food from leaves to rest of the plant. They are alive at maturity and tend to stain green (with the stain fast green). Phloem cells are usually located outside the xylem. The two most common cells in the phloem are the companion cells and sieve cells.

The moisture present in the atmosphere is called humidity. A dry atmosphere can hold more water molecules than a humid atmosphere. Hence, the rate of evaporation of aqueous solution decreases with the increase of humidity and vice versa.

That’s why increase in humidity in the atmosphere decreases the rate of evaporation of an aqueous solution.

• Characteristics of Particles of Matter:

• Particles of Matter have Space between them:

When we dissolve sugar in a glass of water, the volume of water remains the same and does not increase. This shows that there are spaces between the particles of water into which the particles of sugar fit together.

• Particles of Matter are Continuously Moving:

Particles of matter are continuously moving, that is, they possess kinetic energy. As the temperature rises, particles move faster. So, we can say that with increase in temperature the kinetic energy of the particles also increases. When we light an incense stick in one corner of a room, its fragrance spreads in the whole room quickly.

• Particles of Matter Attract Each Other:

There are some forces of attraction between the particles of matter which bind them together. The force of attraction between the particles of the same substance is known as cohesion. The force of attraction is maximum in the particles of solid matter and minimum in the particles of gaseous matter.

Advantages

1) Life is become easy and comfortable through science and technology.

2) Travelling has become easy and fast in minutes.

3) Communication is become easy, fast and cheaper.

4) Standard of living have increased with the increase in technology.

5) Man have become advanced by using various new technology.

 Disadvantages

1) Man had misused the technology and used in destructive purpose.

2) Man is doing illegal things by using it.

3) New Technology like mobile, I-pods etc are creating bad effect on children.

4) Terrorist are using modern technology for their destructive work.

5) Due to the development of atomic energy and atom bomb create many harmful diseases like skin disease etc.

Gravitational force acts on all objects in proportion to their masses. But a heavy object does not fall faster than a light object. As force is directly proportional to mass, acceleration is constant for a body of any mass. 

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure of the liquid’s environment. At this temperature, the liquid is converted into a vapour.

Distance = 3 m + 4 m =7 m

Displacement = 4 m - 3 m =1 m

Water has an amazing property, like other substances it contracts when cooled but only up to 4 degree Celsius after that, on further cooling it starts expanding. When it reaches the freezing point water expands nearly 9% whereas the cold drink bottles keeps on contracting. Due to lack of space for the expansion in volume ice, the bottle breaks.

The food vacuole or digestive vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle (as in an amoeba) associated with a digestive function. They take up the food material by the process of phagocytosis and the ingested food is digested by food vacuole.

Contractile vacuoles: A contractile vacuole has a highly extensible and collapsible membrane. It is also connected to a few feeding canals. The feeding canals obtain water with or without waste products from the surrounding cytoplasm. They take part in osmoregulation and excretion.

Sap vacuoles: They are fluid-filled vacuoles or vesicles which are separated from the cytoplasm by a selectively permeable membrane called tonoplast. It has a number of transport systems for the passage of different substances. A number of small sap vacuoles occur in animal cells and young plant cells.

Vacuoles in both plant and animal cells serve as storage organelles inside the cell. The main difference between plant and animal vacuoles is that plant vacuoles are large in size and are single in number whereas animal vacuoles are small in size and are more in number. ... Animal vacuoles store nutrients, ions, and water. In animal cells, vacuoles perform mostly subordinate roles, assisting in larger processes of exocytosis and endocytosis. Animal vacuoles are smaller than their plant counterparts but also usually greater in number. There are also animal cells that do not have any vacuoles.