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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Cytoplasm
- A thick solution composed of water, salts, and proteins that fills the cell is called cytoplasm.
- It is surrounded by cell membrane.
- The nucleus of the cell is surrounded by the cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus
- The stacks of flattened membranous vesicles are called Golgi apparatus.
- It basically stores, packs and modifies the products in vesicles.
- It temporarily stores protein that moves out of the cell through the vesicles of the Golgi apparatus.
- It packs and transports the materials synthesised in Endoplasmic Reticulum to different targets inside and outside the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- The large network of membranous sheets and tubes is called endoplasmic reticulum.
- They are filled with fluids and carries materials throughout the cell due to which it is also called transport system of the cell.
- It transports materials between the regions of cytoplasm or between the cytoplasm and nucleus.
- It also provides a surface for some biochemical activities of cell.
- It can be classified into two types:
- RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)
- SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Plasma membrane
- Plasma membrane is the outermost layer in cells.
- It separates the content of cell from their external environment.
- It allows the materials from surrounding to enter and exit the cell. It also allows the materials from cell to exit outside.
- It controls the entry and exit of materials in nd out of cell and hence it is called selectively permeable membrane.
- Gases like carbon-dioxide or oxygen can also move in or out from high concentration to low concentration in a cell through the cell membrane by the process of diffusion.
- It also allows the movement of water in and out of the cell depending upon the concentration outside the cell by the process of osmosis.
Nucleus
- The nucleus is small, round and membrane bound structure found in cell.
- The fluid inside the nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane is called nucleoplasm.
- It controls the cell’s growth and reproduction because it contains cell's hereditary information.
- It is covered by dual layer called nuclear membrane.
- The nuclear membrane contains pores due to which materials can travel both inside the nucleus from its outer surrounding i.e. cytoplasm.
Cell wall
- Cell Wall is found in plant cells outside the plasma membrane.
- It is a rigid covering made up of cellulose which a complex substance is providing structural support to the plants.
- The contents of the cell wall contracts during loss of water in plant cells by the process of osmosis.
- Due to the presence of cell wall plant cells can withstand greater changes in the surrounding media due to the exertion of equal pressure to the cell when it swells up by taking up water through osmosis in a hypnotic media.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
- It consists of elongated cells, which are also known as muscle fibres.
- It helps in movement of body structure.
- They contain special proteins called contractile proteins, which contract and relax to cause movement in the body.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
- It protects and supports the body.
- The cells are loosely spaced and embedded in an intercellular matrix.
- The matrix may be jelly like, fluid, dense or rigid.
- The nature of matrix differs in concordance with the function of the particular connective tissue.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
A line integral is integral in which the function to be integrated is determined along a curve in the coordinate system. The function which is to be integrated may be either a scalar field or a vector field. We can integrate a scalar-valued function or vector-valued function along a curve. The value of the line integral can be evaluated by adding all the values of points on the vector field.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Chlorofluorocarbon(CFC) is any of various halocarbon compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. CFC were once used widely as aerosol propellants and refrigerants.
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Diversity helps provide insight into the needs and motivations of all of your client or customer base, rather than just a small part of it. Diverse cultural perspectives can inspire creativity and drive innovation. Cultural sensitivity, insight, and local knowledge means higher quality, targeted marketing. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies.
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Frictional force refers to the force generated by two surfaces that contacts and slide against each other.
A few factors affecting the frictional force:
- These forces are mainly affected by the surface texture and amount of force impelling them together.
- The angle and position of the object affect the amount of frictional force.
- If an object is placed flat against an object, then the frictional force will be equal to the weight of the object.
- If an object is pushed against the surface, then the frictional force will be increased and becomes more than the weight of the object.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
A cell performs these major functions essential for the growth and development of an organism. Important functions of cell are as follows:
Provides Support and Structure
All the organisms are made up of cells. They form the structural basis of all the organisms. The cell wall and the cell membrane are the main components that function to provide support and structure to the organism. For eg., the skin is made up of a large number of cells. Xylem present in the vascular plants is made of cells that provide structural support to the plants.
Facilitate Growth Mitosis
In the process of mitosis, the parent cell divides into the daughter cells. Thus, the cells multiply and facilitate the growth in an organism.
Allows Transport of Substances
Various nutrients are imported by the cells to carry out various chemical processes going on inside the cells. The waste produced by the chemical processes is eliminated from the cells by active and passive transport. Small molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethanol diffuse across the cell membrane along the concentration gradient. This is known as passive transport.
Energy Production
Cells require energy to carry out various chemical processes. This energy is produced by the cells through a process called photosynthesis in plants and respiration in animals.
Aids in Reproduction
A cell aids in reproduction through the processes called mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is termed as the asexual reproduction where the parent cell divides to form daughter cells. Meiosis causes the daughter cells to be genetically different from the parent cells.
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Posted by K.Kaviya Ix A 9032 4 years, 1 month ago
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Molecules are formed by the combination of two or more atoms. For example; two atoms of hydrogen (H2) and one atom of oxygen (O2) react with each other and form one molecule of water.
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Sakshi Singh 4 years, 1 month ago
Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
It is the ability of an atom to gain or lose electron in order to achieve the noble gas configuration. It refers to the ability of an element to combine with other element. It is obtained by determining the number of electrons in the outermost shell (also called valence shell) of each atom of an element. For instance, sodium has 1 electron in its outermost shell and hence valency of sodium is 1.
Keshav Kumar 4 years, 1 month ago
Posted by K.Kaviya Ix A 9032 4 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Metals and non-metals leads to the formation of Compounds that possess charged species. These charged species are called ions.
These charged species can be either positively charged called cation or negatively charged called anion. For instance, In sodium chloride (NaCl), Na exist as cation Na+ whereas Cl exist as anion Cl-.
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Keshav Kumar 4 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Atomic mass refers to the mass of an atom. It depicts how many times an atom of an element is heavier than one-twelth (1/12th) the mass of one atom of carbon-12 of mass of one carbon atom. The relative atomic masses of all elements have been established with reverence to an atom of carbon-12. It is measured in unit called amu (atomic mass unit). 1/12 of the mass of one atom of carbon is termed as relative atomic mass. It doesnot possess a unit.
Mathematically,
mass of one atom of an element = atomic mass X (1/12th) of the mass of one atom of carbon.
Or
atomic mass = mass of one atom of an element / (1/12th) of the mass of one atom of carbon.
Easy way to calculate atomic mass of oxygen atom.
The Proton number Z = 8
The Neutron number N = 8
The atomic mass of the oxygen atom is given by 15.9994 amu i.e. nearly 16.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
|
Simple Tissues |
Complex Tissues |
|
Nature of the Tissue |
|
| Homogenous | Heterogenous |
|
Example |
|
| Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma | Xylem, phloem |
|
Function |
|
| Repair of tissue, food storage, secretion, and structural support | Conduction of minerals and water to various parts of the plant body |
|
Distribution |
|
| Located in every part of the plant | Primarily located in the vascular regions |
|
Cell Composition |
|
| Composed of a single type of cell/ all cells perform a similar function | Composed of various types of cells that perform various functions |
Pradeep Mehta 4 years, 1 month ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 1 month ago
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or other mathematical objects for which operations such as addition and multiplication are defined. The extracellular matrix is made up of proteoglycans, water, minerals, and fibrous proteins. A proteoglycan is composed of a protein core surrounded by long chains of starch-like molecules called glycosaminoglycans.
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