SUBJECT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Part – A (Employability Skills)
Unit – 1 Communication Skills
One mark Questions:
1. The word ‘Communication’ comes from the Latin word Communicare.
2. Communication is a two-way exchange of information, Giving and Receiving.
3. Speaking and Writingto someone are examples of givinginformation.
4. Reading and listeningto someone are examples of receiving information.
5. Perspectivesare ideas, views, or fixed ways of thinking.
6. Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words.
7. When we communicate verbally, we should use simple words.
8. Non-verbal communication is the message we send to others without using any words.
9. Non-verbal communication makes our message stronger.
10. Sentence is a group of words that communicates a complete thought.
11. A group of words, which does not make complete sense, is known as a phrase.
12. A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea.
13. Nouns are often used with an article (the, a, an)
14. . A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
15. A verb expresses action /describes the action
16. An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. 17. An adverb modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
18. A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence.
19. A conjunction joins words, phrases ,or clauses.
20. An interjection is a word used to express emotion.
21. A subjectis the person or thing that does an action.
22. An Objectis the person or thing
23. Sentences where the subject does an action are known to be in the Active voice.
24. Sentences in which the subject receives an action are known to be in the Passivevoice.
25. Formal greetings are used if you do not know the person.
26. Informal greetingsare used when you talk to friends, family or a known person.
Questions and Answers:
1. What is meant by Communication?
The word ‘Communication’ comes from the Latin word commūnicāre, meaning ‘to share’.
Communication is ‘sharing’ of information between two or more individuals or within a group to reach a common understanding.
2. Whyis communication important?
Our ability to communicate clearly and share thoughts, feelings and ideas will help you in all your relationships.
• Inform: You may be required to give facts or information to someone. For example, communicating the timetable of an exam to a friend.
• Influence: You may be required to influence or change someone in an indirect but usually important way. For example, negotiating with a shopkeeper to reduce the price or helping a friend to overcome stress due to exam or any other reason.
• Express feelings: Talking about your feelings is a healthy way to express them. For example, sharing your excitement about doing well in your exams or sharing your feelings with your parents and friends.
3. What are the factors which act as barrier in Communication?
Language In case of use of incorrect words, unfamiliar language and lack of detail, language can act as a barrier to communicate what one wishes to convey. For example, language can act as a barrier when an Indian who only knows Hindi and Chinese who has the knowledge of Mandarin only want to interact with each other.
Visual Perception Visual perception is the brain’s ability to make sense of what we see through our eyes. For example, completing partially drawn pictures with visual perception whereas they may be something else.
Past Experience Letting our earlier experience stop us from understanding or communicating clearly. For example, “This shopkeeper cheated me last time. Let me be careful or “I scored low marks in my Maths exam, so I am scared to ask and answer questions in class.” Prejudice Fixed ideas, such as thinking “No one in my class likes me” may stop a student from communicating openly in the class.
Feelings Our feelings and emotions, such as lack of interest or not trusting the other person affect communication. For example “I am not feeling well, therefore, I don’t want to talk.” Environment Noise or disturbance in the surroundings may make communication difficult. Example, talking to a friend in a function where there is loud music being played by the orchestra.
Personal factors Personal factors include your own feelings, habits and ways of thinking. For example, fear, and low confidence may make communication difficult.
Culture Signs’ which have a different meaning in different cultures, such as showing a thumb may mean ‘good job’ done for some people but may be insulting to others.
5.List the 7Cs of Effective Communication.
The 7Cs of Communication provide a checklist for making sure that your meetings, emails, conference calls, reports, and presentations are well constructed and clear –so your audience gets your message.
1. Be Clear - Begin every message by asking the question, “What is the purpose of this communication?” This will enable you to make the objective of your communication clear to the recipient. Clarity is also about avoiding the use of complex words, sentences, and fuzzy language. It is important that you clearly communicate the intended information to the recipient. You must be able to explain a concept several ways and answer clarifying questions about the topic.
2. Be concise - Make your message brief and to the point. To help make your communications more concise, avoid going over the same point several times, and avoid the use of filler words, sentences, and over wordy expressions.
3. Be Concrete - Concrete communication is about being specific and clear rather than vague, obscure, and general. To be more concrete use sentences that cannot be misinterpreted. Include supporting facts and figures to underscore your message, but don‟t allow anything that detracts from the focus of your message.
4. Be Correct - Incorrect information doesn‟t help anyone and it does your credibility no good. Ensure that:
Your message is typo-free; your facts and figures are correct and you are using the right level of language.
Being correct first time will both save you time and boost your credibility. A correct message will also have a greater impact on the recipient than an incorrect one.
5. Be Coherent - Does your message make sense? Does it flow logically from one sentence to the next? To ensure that your communication is coherent: Check that each sentence flows logically from one to the next and check that you haven‟t tried to cover too many points or been distracted by side issues.
6. Be Complete - Your message must contain all the necessary information to achieve the desired response.
To ensure that your message is complete think about questions the receiver might think of as they receive your message. Address these questions. Ensure you have included a call to action so that your audience knows exactly what you expect them to do next.
7. Be Courteous - Be polite. You‟re more likely to get what you want from your communication if you are courteous, as courtesy builds goodwill. Check that your message is polite, shows respect for the feelings of the receiver, and is tactful. Make your message brief and to the point.
6. What is Verbal Communication?
Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words. It is what most people use as a method ofcommunication.
7. Why is Verbal communication important?
Verbal Communication is important because if you do not use the right words, you will cause confusion and you will not be able to communicate what we want.
8. Write the important forms of verbal communication.
Oral or SpokenCommunication:Communication whichinvolves talking • Face-to-face conversation: When you cansee the listener.For example, group discussion, • Talking tofamily member at home, conversation withpublic through speeches, etc.Talking on a phone:
This is for personaland official communication.Phone conversations should begin with agreeting (Hello), talking and listening toeach other. The conversation can end witha ‘Thank you’ and ‘Bye’.
• Classroom teaching, business discussionand public speeches are other examplesof oral communication, where one persontalks to many others at once.
WrittenCommunication:Communication whichinvolves written ortyped words.
• Writing letters, notes, email, etc.
• SMS (Short Message Service): These canbe sent through a phone to a person or agroup.
• Using email to share news, thoughts,documents and files (including photos,videos, music, etc.). Can be used to sendmessages to a person or to a group.
• Books and newspapers.
9. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Verbal Communication?
Advantages of verbal communication Verbal : communication is easy and quick. You can say what you want and get a quick response. It is an easier form of communication when you have to exchange ideas. You keep changing your communication as per the other person’s reply.
Disadvantages of verbal communication : The most common disadvantage of verbal communication is the cultural differences between the sender and receiver of the information. These differences may be due to the use of different languages, inability to understand the colloquial phrases used by the other individual, and the accent. Since verbal communication depends on words, sometimes the meanings become confusing and difficult to understand if the right words are not used.
10. Write a brief note on Public speaking.
Speaking in front of a large group makes most people nervous. You can use the 3Ps (Prepare, Practice,Perform) method to get over your fears, and become aconfident and effective speaker. 3Ps of Public Speaking Prepare: Think about your topic Think about what your listeners need to know about the topic . Think about the best way to make your listeners understand your topic Write what you plan to say Practice: Practice by yourself first, talk in front of a mirror Talk in front of your family and friends and ask them what they think Speak clearly, loudly and at the right speed (not very fast nor very slow) Perform:Take a few deep breaths if you are feeling nervous Think about what you have prepared and start speaking confidently.
11. What is Non-verbal communication?
Non-verbal communication is the message we send to others without using any words. We send signals and messages to others, through expressions, gestures and body postures.
12. What is Visual communication?
Another important method of communication is visual communication, which involves sending and understanding messages only through images or pictures. The main advantage of this type of communication is that you do not need to know any particular language for understanding it. It is simple, easy tounderstand and remains same across different places.
14. Explain direct and indirect object.
The object in a sentence can be either direct or indirect.Direct objects are the ones directly ‘acted on’ by the action word (verb). If the verb is ‘reads’ and we ask “What does Divya read?” The answer is ‘book’ which is the direct object. A direct object answers the question ‘what?’.
An indirect object answers questions, such as ‘to whom’ and ‘for whom’. For example, in the sentence “Abdul gave a gift to his mother.” The verb is ‘gave’. What did Abdul give? The gift. To whom did Abdul give the gift? To his mother. Here, ‘gift’ is the direct objectand ‘his mother’ is the indirect object. Some sentences only have direct objects while some have both directand indirect objects.
15. Write a note on Active and Passive Voice.
Sentences where the subject does an action are known to be in the Active voice.
Sentences in which the subject receives an action are known to be in the Passive voice.
Eg: Active and Passive Sentences Active Voice Passive Voice She wrote a letter. A letter was written by her.
He opened the door. The door was opened by him.
Mohan played the flute. The flute was played by Mohan.
16.What are the types of Sentences?
• Statement or Declarative Sentence : This is the most common type of sentence. It provides information or states a fact. It always ends with a ‘full-stop’ (‘.’).eg: I go to school. I like eating vegetables.
• Question or Interrogative Sentence: This type of sentence asks a question. It always ends with a question mark (‘?’).
• Emotion/Reaction or Exclamatory Sentence: An exclamatory sentence expresses a strong emotion, such as joy, sadness, fear or wonder. It always ends with an exclamation mark (‘!’).
• Order or Imperative Sentence: These sentences show an order, command, request, or advice. It can end with a full stop or an exclamation mark (‘.’ or ‘!’).
17. Define Phonetics We use sounds to speak. Every word is made up of one or more sounds. We put these sounds together to pronounce words. Phonetics is the study of the sounds that we make when we speak. For example, the word dogis made of three soundsput together: d-o-g. Speak the word aloud as shown inHindi to help you pronounce it correctly.
18. Explain the ways of greeting people?
There are two ways of greeting :
Formal greetings are used if you do not know the person. It is used to greet senior, elderly people or people with whom we have formal relations like teachers or customers. This is used more often in schools, colleges and offices.
Informal greetings are used when you talk to friends, family or a known person.
19. What are the 5W+1H Method of Asking Questions with an example.
Question Word Usage Example Who ‘Who’ is used to ask about people Who is the new student in the class?
Where ‘Where’ is used to ask about a place? Where does she live?
When ‘When’ is used to ask about time When did she join school?
What ‘What’ is used to ask about a thing, an idea or an action What is her favourite subject?
Why ‘Why’ is used to find the reason Why is she not talking to anyone in the class?
How ‘How’ is used to find the method How can I help her make friends?
20. What are the two basic types of questions?
The two basic types of questions: close-ended Questions and open-ended Questions.
21.Describe the two types of questions.
Questions that can be answered with a “yes” or “no” are called close-ended question. That is because the answer options are limited or closed. For example,when we ask “Do you have a TV at home?”, the answer could be either “Yes” or “No” .Sometimes, when we ask a question, we expect an answer with more details. For example when we ask “What do you like to watch on TV?”, the answer could be “I like to watch movies on TV.” These are called open-ended questions because their answer options are not limited or closed. In this case, the person could have also said sports, news, or anything else.
22. Give 2 Examples ofclosed –ended questions.
• Were they cleaning their room?
• Can you help me?
23 Give 2 Examples ofopen –ended questions.
• Why did you go there? • How did you go?
