Answer : Pungi

Pungi was a musical instrument, the predecessor of the shehnai. When the Mughals ruled India, before the Britishers came, there was a very famous Mughal ruler named Aurangzeb. He did not allow the pungi be played in his royal residence because he felt that it had a shrill, unpleasant sound.

Jerome had to reopen the packed bag twice owing to his forgetfulness . Once he had to reopen the bag as he had forgotten to pack the boots . The next time, he unpacked when he realised he had packed his tobacco-pouch in .

Grandfather was an animal lover and took pity on Toto as it was kept tied to a feeding trough. Toto looked out of place and grandfather decided to bring it to his private zoo. He was much impressed by Toto.

Kezia was a sweet little girl. Like other girls, she was also in awe of her father. She would feel nervous in his presence as he was very harsh towards her. When she tried to go to the drawing room to talk to her parents, her father was always irritated by her presence and he used to call her little brown owl.
Once, when she decided to gift her father a gift of pin cushion, her attempt to make her father happy turned out to be very bad for her.

She wondered about her neighbour, Mr. McDonald, who was very loving.

But when once her mother and grandmother were not at home and she was left alone with the cook, she had a nightmare. She was shocked to see her father near her bed. He tucked her up in his bed and made her comfortable with him and fell asleep. She felt the beating of her father's large heart. She realized that her father was also very loving but as he worked hard everyday, he used to get tired.

The recurring themes of Bismillah Khan’s music was the relationships between the human beings and the flowing waters of the Ganga . He thought that Benares and Dumraon were the most wonderful towns of the world .

1. The teachers who taught Margie and Tommy were mechanical teachers. They had large black screens on which all the lessons were shown and questions were asked. These mechanical teachers had a slot in which the students had to put their homework and test papers. They had to write their answers in a punch code and  the  mechanical teacher calculated the marks immediately.

2. Margie had been given many tests in geography by the mechanical teacher, but there was no improvement in her performance. It only kept getting worse. It is for this reason that Margie’s mother sent for the County Inspector to find out why this was happening.

Margie's mother sent for the county inspector because she had appeared in many tests in geography but there was no improvement in her performance. It got worse. She wanted to find out the reason behind Margie's poor peformance.

Today success depends on many factors. to be successful person is to have a opportunity to realize your dreams and aspirations in each of the four areas of your life: work , family ,and personal relationship,health and hobbies.
   many  who aspire to success are concerned if there r any special qualities required for success.of course, successful people have certain " successful habits," which can be difficult to work out, but that is very easy to live with.

first it is self discipline and self control ..
second optimism is a quality necessary for everyone who aspires to success...
third benevolence and ability to be thankful as well are the qualities necessary for success both in personal relationships and in business. 
forth the desire for personal and professional growth will also help u on the path to success.
fifth the last ambitions although it seems obvious and inherent to each, very few people have personal ambitions. they help u maintain a good shape emotionally and physically...but this requires enough sleeping

the road to success is not smooth. Failures face us at every step. Success can be achieved by those who do not mind failures, but struggle on till the end is reached. And when our energy fails us, we should remember the Rome was not built in a day. This will infuse fresh vigor and energy into us. But we must not think that the success can be achieved with the help of Aladdin’s lamp.

Margie is the main character of the story. She is a girl of 11 years of age. She writes a diary on the night of 17^th May 2157. At that time, Margie writes an entry in her diary and she writes that ‘Tommy found a real book’ and she is feeling so strange because in her times, real books do not exist. They only have e-books, the virtual books. So, books in the format of print on paper are extinct and so, Margie is astonished to see a real book.

Tommy thought that the old books were a waste because the words stood still and did not run . He also thought that they were a big waste because they could not be reused like the screen of their mechanical teacher .

Einstein was good at studies, he was highly gifted in Mathematics, so he was exceptionally good in Mathematics and he also had interest in physics. Once he finished school, he joined the university in Zurich. Einstein joins a university in Zurich, where he meets Mileva. Mileva Maric belonged to Serbia (that is why she is called a Serb). She came from Serbia to Switzerland because the University in Zurich was one of the few Universities in Europe which gave degrees to female students.

Answer :  seventeen years old

Evelyn was seventeen years old when she went to the Royal Academy of Music . Her deafness was first noticed when she was eight years old. But it was confirmed when she was eleven .

The behaviour of Kezia's mother towards her is unlike the expected role played by mothers in households. Perhaps, her husband's strict nature does not leave enough room for her to pay the desired attention to her daughter. The story reveals that her relationship with her daughter is distant. She treats the little girl in accordance with her husband's expectations. She orders her to take off her father's shoes and put them outside as this would indicate obedience. On Sunday afternoons, she spends time engrossed in a newspaper sitting with her husband instead of talking to her daughter. When Kezia mistakenly tears the papers of her father, she drags her downstairs to face the wrath of father. She does not cry to soothe her when father scolds and beats her. Neither does she defend her or try to protect her in any way. That is why Kezia turns to her grandmother to fulfil her need for motherly care and affection.

When her mother was hospitalized, her grandmother went to stay with her. Kezia used to sleep alone at night. She was so scared that she started shouting at night. She had nightmares and trembled a lot with fear. Then her father came to her room and took her into his aims to comfort her. She felt secured with her father near her. Then she realized that her father was busy with work and had no time to play. She even realized that her father loved her but didn’t have the art of expressing it. Thus, her attitude towards her father changed towards positive.

No

The poet is not happy by his decision. His sigh indicates that he is not happy with his decision of taking the unused road which has made all the differences in his life. Had he chosen the worn out road he feels that things would have been different for him .

“I wouldn’t throw it away.”
(i) Who says these words?
(ii) What does ‘it’ refer to?
(iii) What is it being compared with by the speaker?

(i) Tommy said these words.
(ii) 'It' refers to the television screen, on which you could read over a million books.
(iii) Tommy is comparing the television screen to the real books in earlier times in which words were printed on paper. He thought that after reading such books, one would have to throw them away. However, he would never have to throw away his telebooks.

How Wealth Accumulates and Men Decayby G.B. Shaw is a comment on capitalism. It shows how now workers have no control over what they produce.

Shaw in his essay has argued that capitalism has left us in a state of 'idiocy'. In pursuit of profit, human values have got eroded. In order to explain his point, Shaw has used the example of pins and woollen garments to show that the system we use has passed beyond our knowledge and control. There was a time when a pin-maker would do everything from buying the material to shaping it and even selling it. However now one worker does only one

thing and he lacks the skill to produce a pin. The workers were experts but the cost of the product was high. Pins cost so much that a woman’s dress allowance was called pin money.

In the same way in the olden times from sheep shearing to making clothes everything was done by men and women but now there is separate worker for every step of production. This according to Shaw has turned capable men into machines who are doing the work without

intelligence and are being fed with the food of the capitalist as an engine is fed with coal and oil.

Adam Smith was proponent of capitalist trend who felt that capitalist system promoted speed and cheap production. Shaw does not like Adam Smith's philosophy. He has argued that the capitalist system has failed because now machines have replaced men. However he has praised the poet Goldsmith who had complained that Wealth accumulates and Men decay. He has called Goldsmith a ' farsighted economist' . His essay centers on the theme of whether wealth is more important or skill is important. Man has become slave to machines.

Shaw was not happy with the capitalist system because he believed that it produced universal ignorance of how things were made and done whilst at the same time it caused them to be made and done on a gigantic scale. Books according to Shaw fail to convey useful knowledge

because it is written by those who do not do the work and they get information from other books. Capitalism has helped in the promotion of the cinema and other such modes of entertainment because due to this capitalist system most of us are too tired of our work when we come home.

We do not want to read. We need cinema to take our minds off it and feed our imagination. Shaw has argued that 'savage' communities are most intelligent because they have to make everything for themselves. The proliferation of machinery has led to the decline of

intelligence and innovation in modern civilisation because no one remains an expert in making things. It has promoted ignorance and helplessness. He has concluded by saying that this capitalist system has almost left us like dangerous lunatics in this real world.

The literary devices used are as follows –

1. Anaphora - When a word is repeated at the start of two or more consecutive lines, it is the device of Anaphora.

Lines 2, 3, 4 begin with ‘don’t’.

Lines 6, 7, 8 begin with ‘you’.

1. Personification – wind has been personified. When the poet says ‘you are’, he is referring to wind as ‘you’ that means he is treating wind as a person.
2. Repetition - ‘crumbling’ is repeated many times to lay emphasis. The poet wants to say that the wind crushes everything that is weak. That is why he repeats the word crumbling.
3. Alliteration - the repetition of a consonant sound in close connection. ‘wind winnows’. ‘won’t want’
4. Symbolism - Symbolism means that the thing refers to some other thing. wind is a symbol. It refers to the challenges in life. He is using wind as a symbol for the adversities in our life.