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The villagers who signed the contract to grow indigo got cash in advance at low rates of interest to produce it. According to this contract, the ryots had to cultivate indigo on at least 25% of their holding area. When they delivered the crop to the planter a new loan was given to ryots and cycle started again.
Ryots were reluctant to grow indigo because:
(a) The indigo system was intensely oppressive.
(b) Peasants who were initially tempted by the loans soon realized how harsh the system was. The price they got for the indigo they produced was very low and the cycle of loans never ended.
(c) The planters usually insisted that indigo be cultivated on the best soils in which peasants preferred to cultivate rice.
(d) Indigo had deep roots and it exhausted the soil rapidly. After an indigo harvest, the land could not be sown with rice.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 3 months ago
- The revenues of the land were fixed at a much higher rate. Most of the zamindars found it difficult to pay the revenues. Anyone who was not able to pay lost his zamindari rights.
- Because the zamindars were not sure if they would get the zamindari of the same piece of land again, they made no efforts to improve the land.
- Zamindars tried to exact maximum revenues from the peasants. This led to the deterioration of the condition of the farmers and left them to the mercy of the zamindars.
- The zamindar had to pay fixed revenues to the government even after the expansion of cultivation. The British realised that this was causing a loss of revenues.
Posted by Vaishnavi S 6 years, 3 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 3 months ago
Electrolytes
It is an ionic compound which in the fused state or in aqueous solution allows the passage of an electric current and is decomposed by it.
Examples of electrolytes
Acids – H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, H3PO4
Bases – NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, Ca (OH) 2
Salts – NaCl, CuSO4 , PbBr2
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RYOTWARI SYSTEM
1. In this system, the cultivators or roots were given the right to occupy the land they cultivated and were recognised as owners of the land as long as they paid land revenue.
2. The Ryotwari system was introduced in Carnatic and Mysore at the instance of Thomas Munro and Captain Reed.
Mahalwari system
1. In Mahalwari system, the land was not owned by an individual, be it the Zamindars or ryots but by a 'Mahal' which was a group of villages.
2. The Mahalwari system was first adopted in Agra and Awadh.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 5 months ago
The Ryotwari system was a land revenue system in British India, introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820 based on system administered by Captain Alexander Read in the Baramahal district. The system was devised by Capt. Alexander Read and Thomas (later Sir Thomas) Munro at the end of the 18th century and introduced by the latter when he was governor (1820–27) of Madras (now Chennai). The principle was the direct collection of the land revenue from each individual cultivator by government agents.
The 2 main features were:
- It tried to eliminate the influence of the intermediaries, that is the middle men in the collection of land revenue.
- It tried to extract revenue directly from the Ryots, that is the villagers. 4.3. 116 votes. 116 votes. Thanks 122. sonabrainly. Genius.
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G Harshavardhan 6 years, 3 months ago
1Thank You