A kaleidoscope is composed of a hollow tube. Three mirrors are placed in the form of a triangular tube and their reflecting surfaces face each other. One end of the tube is covered with a transparent sheet and another end is covered with an opaque sheet. There is an eyehole in the opaque sheet. Bits of glass are filled inside the tube. When a kaleidoscope is turned, we get to see various patterns in it. These patterns are formed because of multiple reflections

The fort Gloster is located near Kolkata.

The first textile mill in the country was established at Fort Gloster near Kolkata in 1818, but it was closed down after some time.

(a-1/a)² + 2 = 27

a - 1/a = 27 - 2 = 25

a - 1/a = {tex}{/tex}5 or -5

Aurang is a Persian term for a warehouse - a place where goods are collected before being sold. The word also refers to a workshop for finished goods.

This is because when we heat the paper cup containing water, then the heat supplied to the paper cup is transferred to water inside it by conduction. Due to continuous transfer of heat from Paper Cup to water , the paper cup does not get heated to its ignition temperature. Hence the paper cup does not catch fire.

Algebra is a branch of mathematics in which symbols, usually letters of the alphabet, represent numbers or members of a specified set and are used to represent quantities and to express general relationships that hold for all members of the set.

Governor-general, official set over a number of other officers, each of whom holds the title of governor or lieutenant governor. An alternative term sometimes used is governor in chief. The office has been used by most colonial powers but is perhaps best known among the countries of the Commonwealth.

Governor-general, official set over a number of other officers, each of whom holds the title of governor or lieutenant governor. An alternative term sometimes used is governor in chief. The office has been used by most colonial powers but is perhaps best known among the countries of the Commonwealth.

A biosphere reserve may also contain other protected areas in it. For example - a Biosphere Reserve may contain Wildlife Sanctuary or a National Park. The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve consists of one national park named Satpura and two wildlife sanctuaries named Bori and Pachmarhi.

Mercury and Venus are two most closely situated planets from the Sun. Mercury is first to the Sun still Venus is more hot. This is largely due greenhouse effect. Greenhouse effect is a phenomenon in which heat gets trapped by some special category of gases which conduct heat, known as greenhouse gases. When the heat from the Sun strikes the planets atmosphere, the CO2 traps the heat into the atmosphere. Clouds in Venus are made up of sulfur dioxide and droplets of sulphuric acid. They reflect 75% of heat and light, but presence of carbon dioxide absorbs heat and planet remains hot.

(0.04) × 3/2

= 0.02 × 3

= 0.06

Salient Features of the Indian Constitution

1. The lengthiest Constitution in the world : The Indian Constitution is the lengthiest and the most detailed of all the written Constitutions of the world containing 449 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules, 5 appendices and 101 Amendments.

2. Parliamentary form of Government :The constitution of India establishes a parliamentary form of a government both at the Centre and the State. The essence of the parliamentary government is its responsibility to the Legislature. The president is the constitutional head of the State but the real executive power is vested in the council of ministers whose head is the Prime Minister.

3. Unique blend of rigidity and flexibility :It has been the nature of the amending process itself in federations which had led political scientists to classify federal Constitution as rigid.

4. Fundamental Rights : The incorporation of a formal declaration of Fundamental Rights in part III of the Constitution is deemed to be a distinguishing feature of a democratic 
State. These rights are prohibitions against the State. The State cannot make a law which takes away or abridges any of the rights of the citizens guaranteed in part III of Constitution.

5. Directive Principles of State policy (DPSP) : The Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Part IV of the Constitution, it set out the aims and objectives to be taken up by the States in the governance of the country.

6. A federation with strong centralising tendency : The most remarkable feature of the Indian Constitution is that being a federal Constitution it acquires a unitary character during the time of emergency. During the proclamation of emergency the normal distribution of powers between Centre and State undergoes a vital change. The union parliament is empower to legislate on any subject mentioned in the state list. The financial arrangements between the Centre and State can also be altered by the Union Government.

7. Adult Suffrage : The old system of communal electorates has been abolished and the uniform adult suffrage system has been adopted. Under the Indian Constitution every man and women above 18 years of age has been given the right to elect representatives for the legislature. 
 
8. An Independent Judiciary : An independent and impartial judiciary with power of judicial review has been established under the Constitution of India. It is a custodian right of citizens. Besides, in a federal Constitution it plays another significant role of determining the limits of power of the Centre and States.

9. A Secular State : A Secular State has no religion of its own as recognised religion of State. It treats all religions equally. Articles 25 to 28 of the Indian Constitution give concrete shape to this concept of secularism. It guarantees to every person the freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice and propagate religion. In a Secular state, the state only regulate the relationship between man and man.

10. Single Citizenship : The American constitution provides for dual citizenship, i.e., the citizen of America and a state citizenship. But in India there is only one citizenship, i.e., Citizen of India. No state citizenship like citizen of Assam, Citizen of Delhi. Every Indian is Citizen of India and enjoy the same rights of 
citizenship no matter in what state he resides.

William Jones was a British scholar and Henry Thomas Colebrooke was a British official living in Calcutta, both were interested in studying ancient Indian Texts. They both set up an Asiatic Society of Bengal and started a journal called Asiatic Researches.

• The main purpose of the Asiatic Society was to collect the old manuscripts of India.

• They collected Sanskrit manuscripts.

• They wanted to establish a society for Asiatic studies.

• The memorandum of articles of the Asiatic society was that all the investigations will be in the geographical limits of Asia, and within these limits, its enquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by the man or produced by nature.

• The members were elected through ballot voting.

• At present, the library has a collection of 117,000 books and 79,000journals.

{tex}diagonal = area = diagonal \times length \div 2{/tex}

{tex} = 10 \: cm \: \times \: 8.2 \: cm \: \div \: 2{/tex}
{tex} = 82 \: {cm}^{2} \: \div \: 2{/tex}

{tex} = 41 \: {cm}^{2}.{/tex}