If the egg in the female is not fertilised, then the thick lining of the uterus  is not required and the uterus lining breaks down and comes out through the ****** in the form of blood and mucous. This is called menstruation.

The composition of population means the distribution of the number of the population according to characteristics such as age,***,marital status,socio-economic status. It helps to find out the structure of population. It helps to study on various demographic indicators.

The process of depositing a thin layer of desired metal over a metal object with the help of electric current is called electroplating. The purpose of electroplating is to protect the metal objects from corrosion or to make the metal objects look more attractive. The metal objects are usually electroplated with chromium, tin, nickel, silver, gold or copper objects.

Take 250 ml of distilled water in a clean beaker and dissolve two teaspoon full of copper sulphate in it. This will give us a blue coloured copper solution. Add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid to copper sulphate solution to make it more conducting. Take a copper plate and a door key made of iron. Clean copper plates and the iron key by rubbing it with sand paper. Now rinse them with water and dry them.  Immerse the cleaned copper plate in copper sulphate solution in the beaker. Connect the copper plate to the positive terminal of a battery through a switch. This copper plate becomes the positive terminal. Immerse the cleaned iron key in copper sulphate solution and connect it to the negative terminal of the battery so that it becomes the negative electrode.  Allow the current to pass for about 15 minutes. Now remove the electrodes from the solution and observe. We will find that the copper plate has dissolved a little and the iron key has got a reddish layer of copper metal all over its surface. Thus, the iron key has become electroplated with copper. The solution remains unchanged.

The process of depositing a thin layer of desired metal over a metal object with the help of electric current is called electroplating. The purpose of electroplating is to protect the metal objects from corrosion or to make the metal objects look more attractive. The metal objects are usually electroplated with chromium, tin, nickel, silver, gold or copper objects.

Natural Lakes:
(a) Wular lake (b) Dal lake (c)Nainital lake (d) Bhimtal lake (e) Loktok lake (f) Barapani lake (g) Chilka lake (h) Sambhar lake (i)Pulicat lake (j) Kolleru lake (k) Vembanad lake.

Artificial Lakes:
(a) Gobind sagar (b) Rana Pratap (c) Rana Pratap sagar (d) Nagarjuna sagar (e) Hirakud.

Viruses are considered at the borderline of living and non-living because they show both the characteristics of a living and a non-living. As they reacts like non-living in the free atmosphere but when they enter in the body of a living organism then they shows the features of a living organism and starts reproduction.
The features of being a living are that DNA and RNA codes are present in them.
Some special features of being a non-living are that they do some functions like excretion and can't multiply by own.

When air is contaminated by unwanted substances which have a harmful effect on both the living and the non-living, it is referred to as air pollution. The substances which contaminate the air are called air pollutants. Most of the air pollution is caused by the burning of fuels such as wood, cow-dung cakes, coal, etc. The various sources of air pollution are:

1. Smoke emitted from the homes by the burning of fuels like wood, cow-dung cakes, kerosene and coal causes air pollution.
2. Exhaust gases emitted by motor vehicles due to burning of petrol and diesel cause air pollution.
3. Smoke emitted by factories and thermal power plants due to burning of coal causes air pollution. Some of the ways of controlling air pollution are given below:
4. The air pollution can be controlled by using smokeless fuels like LPG and CNG.
5. The air pollution from motor vehicles can be reduced by using CNG as a fuel.

Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.

***-ratio means the number of females per 1000 males in a given population. In India, *** ratio is calculated in terms of females per 1000 males. The formula to calculate the ***
*** ratio = Female population/ Male population
ex-ratio means the number of females per 1000 males in a given population. In India, *** ratio is calculated in terms of females per 1000 males. The formula to calculate the *** The *** ratio is an important characteristic that helps us to study the population of a given area. For example, when we say that the *** ratio in India is 940, it means that there are 940 girls for every 1000 boys.

Gandhi believed that colonial education filled Indians with aninferiority complex, because they were made to believe in the greatness and superiority of western education. This destroyed their pride in their own culture. He further stated that after receiving western education, Indians would gradually begin to admire the British rule. This would enslave the Indians.

1. Encourages producers and consumers to benefit from deeper division of labour and economies of scale

2. Competitive markets reduce monopoly profits and incentivise businesses to seek cost-reducing innovations

3. Enhanced growth has led to higher per capita incomes – and helped many of poorest countries to achieve faster economic growth and reduce extreme poverty measured as incomes < $1.90 per day (PPP adjusted)

4. Advantages from the freer movement of labour between countries

5. Gains from the sharing of ideas / skills / technologies across national borders

6. Opening up of capital markets allows developing countries to borrow money to over a domestic savings gap