Students will read about how East India Company acquired the Diwani rights, starting with Robert Clive who accepted the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa from the Mughal ruler in 1765. The students will also get to know about the following topics: The Company Becomes the Diwan.

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

The resolution for the establishment of a separate homeland for the Muslims of British India passed in the annual session of the All India Muslim League held in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940 is a landmark document of Pakistan's history.

Total surface area of a cuboid = Sum of the areas of all its 6 rectangular faces

Total Surface Area of Cuboid= 2(lb + bh +lh)

In 1905, Lord Curzon divided Bengal into two provinces. The Bengalis considered this as an insult to the fair name of their mother-land. The sentiments of the people of Bengal were hurt.
It led to strong opposition and Indians started a movement against the British Government.
Against the Partition of Bengal, Extremists organised the Swadeshi Movement and the Boycott of British goods.
The partition led to the growth of revolutionaries and the agitation in Bengal against lie British Government spread throughout the country

Non contact force
1.Non contact force is a force which on an object without coming physically in contact with.
2.The most familiar example of a non contact force is weight.
3.All four interactions are non contact forces.
Contact force
1. A contact force is a force applied to a body by another body.
2. Examples of contact forces are - Biological force, muscular force
3. Thus a contact force is a force that requires contact to occur.

1+1/1+1/2+1/3 = 1 + 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 = ( 6+ 6 +3+ 2)/6 = 17/6

The national government makes laws for our country. These laws are made in Congress. When an idea for a law is presented, it must be backed by a member of Congress. He or she must agree that the idea should be law.

1.The immediate cause was the Chauri Chaura incident at Gorakhpur where a police station was put on fire and many police men were killed.
2. Gandhi ji found that people are still not trained enough for a non-violent movement.
3. The British govt was all set to become more repressive owing to the incidents of violence.
All these reasons were responsible for withdrawal of Non-cooperation Movement.

(i)In the year 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan, known as Khalifa. It enraged people. Indian Muslims wanted that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman empire.
(ii)The leaders of the Khilafat agitation Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, now wished to start a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement.
(iii)They got support from Mahatma Gandhi who urged the Congress to campaign against ‘Punjab wrongs’, the Khilafat wrong and demand swaraj.

Topography: People prefer living on plains rather than plateaus and mountains since these areas are suitable for agriculture, manufacturing and also service activities. The Ganga Plains are one of the most densely populated areas of the world whereas mountains like Alps, Andes and the Himalayas are thinly populated.

Climate: People generally stay away from extreme climates (very cold or very hot) like the Sahara desert, the Russian polar regions, Canada and Antarctica.

Soil: Fertile soils offer optimal land for farming. Fertile plains like Brahmaputra and Ganga and in India, the Nile in Egypt, Hwang-He and Chang Jiang in China are highly populated.

Water: People prefer to live in those places where fresh water is easily available. So, the river valleys are densely populated and the deserts have less population.

Minerals: Places with deposits of mineral are naturally more populated. Diamond mines of South Africa and discovery of oil in the Middle East led to people settling down in these areas. In India, the areas of the Chhota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand and nearby areas of Odisha see a high population distribution because of the presence of huge mineral deposits.

Social: Areas with better housing, health facilities and education are more populated e.g., Pune. Better transport facilities also contribute to the increased population of any region. 

Cultural: Places with cultural or/and religious import attract people. Example: Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican city.

Economic: Industrial areas offer employment opportunities. A large number of people make their way into these areas. Examples: Mumbai in India and Osaka in Japan.

• The flora and fauna of a region are the part of nature. They maintain a balance in the food chain of nature.
• Food chain is a sequence of transfer of energy from one organism to other. The food chain begins with autotrophs (producers) and ends with the consumption of the final energy by the heterotrophs (consumers).
• Plants that produce food by the process of photosynthesis are the autotrophs. The energy produced by the food produced by plants is taken up by the herbivores (animals that eat plants and plant products, eg. Deer, goat, etc.). The energy is then taken up by the carnivores (animals that eat other animals, eg. Tiger, lion, etc.) and omnivores (animal that eat both plants and animals, eg. Bear, human beings, etc.).
• In the absence of any one of these organisms the food chain will get disturbed and will affect rest of the organisms. Therefore it is necessary to take necessary initiatives to conserve the flora and fauna.
• In order to protect the flora and fauna of a region some protected area have been set up. the protected areas include national parks, biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries.
• Any sort of heinious act against nature is prohibited here like killing an poaching of animals, feeling of trees. They don’t even allow grazing, plantation, cultivation, etc.

A man purchase a scooter for rs 15000

So, CP = 15000

and sells it at rs 18000

Sp = 18000

Gain = 18000 - 15000 = 3000

Gain % = 3000/15000 × 100=20%